Eco-friendly waste management strategies for greener environment towards sustainable development in leather industry: a comprehensive review

The leather industry deals with proteinous skin material for the conversion of leather and this generates huge amount of solid and liquid wastes giving rise to pollution that needs to be overcome by introducing sustainable cleaner technologies. This review describes various eco-friendly challenges a...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of cleaner production 2015-02, Vol.89, p.1-17
Main Authors: Kanagaraj, J, Senthilvelan, T, Panda, R C, Kavitha, S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological
Cleaning
Dyeing
Dyes
Leather
Mathematical models
Pollution abatement
Retanning
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:The leather industry deals with proteinous skin material for the conversion of leather and this generates huge amount of solid and liquid wastes giving rise to pollution that needs to be overcome by introducing sustainable cleaner technologies. This review describes various eco-friendly challenges and major achievements for abatement of pollution in leather processing. Different cleaner technological methods in preservation of raw hides/skins, unhairing, tanning and dyeing operations are discussed here. Cleaner-preservation techniques by using chemicals and biological agents have been developed to reduce pollution problems of salt up to a great extent in leather processing operations. Process intensified operations have helped to achieve better uptake and to manage pollution load. Enzymatic dehairing are implemented to reduce Bio-chemical-Oxygen-Demand (BOD) at the level of 40%, Chemical-Oxygen-Demand (COD) up to 50%. Improved biological methods for bio-degradation of dyes, azo-dyes and their mixtures and to reuse the liquors in the process to reduce the dye pollution load in the effluent streams are reviewed. Nano-Particle polymers and improved retanning materials have been synthesized for high exhaustion of dyeing and retanning properties. Mathematical models predicting kinetics and growth for the above processes are also reviewed. It could be concluded by utilization of these technologies, a possible reduction in pollution loads such as BOD & COD, upto levels of 50% & 40%, could be achieved in leather processing.
ISSN:0959-6526
DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.11.013