Time course of chemokine expression and leukocyte infiltration after acute skeletal muscle injury in mice

Innate pro-inflammatory processes, such as chemokine signaling and leukocyte infiltration, predominate during the first 48 h after an acute skeletal muscle injury. However, the time course of chemokine expression and its relationship to leukocyte infiltration after acute muscle injury within this ea...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Innate immunity (London, England) England), 2015-04, Vol.21 (3), p.266-274
Main Authors: Nicholas, Jennifer, Voss, Joachim G, Tsuji, Joyce, Fulkerson, Nadia D, Soulakova, Julia, Schneider, Barbara St Pierre
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute Disease
Animals
Cell Movement
Chemokine CCL2 - genetics
Chemokine CCL2 - metabolism
Chemokine CCL7 - genetics
Chemokine CCL7 - metabolism
Female
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Macrophages - immunology
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Microarray Analysis
Muscle, Skeletal - immunology
Muscle, Skeletal - injuries
Neutrophils - immunology
Up-Regulation
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Summary:Innate pro-inflammatory processes, such as chemokine signaling and leukocyte infiltration, predominate during the first 48 h after an acute skeletal muscle injury. However, the time course of chemokine expression and its relationship to leukocyte infiltration after acute muscle injury within this early post-injury time period has not been investigated. In this study, 46 anesthetized female C57BL/6NHsd mice underwent a closed crush injury of the gastrocnemius muscle and were euthanized 4, 8, 24 and 48 h post-injury. Microarray analysis found 14 chemokine genes to be up-regulated during this period, 12 of which are involved in macrophage or neutrophil chemotaxis, with up-regulation peaking at either 8 or 48 h. RT-PCR analysis on select chemokines confirmed the microarray activation pattern. Neutrophil infiltration patterns mirrored the time course of neutrophil-related chemokines with Gr-1-, 1A8- and 7/4-positive neutrophils infiltrating the muscle 4 h after injury, decreasing at 48 h. Conversely, gene expression and relative quantification levels of macrophage-related chemokines Ccl2 and Ccl7 peaked at 8 h, preceding the infiltration of CD68- and F4/80-positive macrophages, and protein expression of Ccl2 in the muscle. The up-regulation of other macrophage-related chemokines and their receptors peaked at 48 h post-injury.
ISSN:1753-4259
1753-4267
DOI:10.1177/1753425914527326