Detection and quantification of hepatitis A virus and norovirus in Spanish authorized shellfish harvesting areas

An 18-month survey was conducted in ten class “B” harvesting areas from two Galician Rias (NW of Spain), the most important bivalve production area in Europe, to determine the prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human norovirus (NoV), including genogroups I (GI) and II (GII). Quantification wa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of food microbiology 2015-01, Vol.193, p.43-50
Main Authors: Polo, David, Varela, Miguel F., Romalde, Jesús L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Animals, Wild - virology
Aquaculture
Bivalvia
Bivalvia - virology
Cerastoderma edule
Hepatitis A virus
Hepatitis A virus - genetics
Hepatitis A virus - isolation & purification
Hepatitis A virus - physiology
Mytilus galloprovincialis
Norovirus
Norovirus - genetics
Norovirus - isolation & purification
Norovirus - physiology
Prevalence
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA, Viral - genetics
RT-qPCR
Seasons
Shellfish
Shellfish - virology
Spain
Survey
Venerupis decussata
Venerupis philippinarum
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Summary:An 18-month survey was conducted in ten class “B” harvesting areas from two Galician Rias (NW of Spain), the most important bivalve production area in Europe, to determine the prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human norovirus (NoV), including genogroups I (GI) and II (GII). Quantification was performed by reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), according to the recently developed standard method ISO/TS 15216-1:2013. Four bivalve species were studied, including wild and cultured mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), clams (Venerupis philippinarum and Venerupis decussata) and cockles (Cerastoderma edule). Overall, 55.4% of samples were contaminated by at least one of the studied viruses, being detected the simultaneous presence of two or three viruses in 11.3% of the cases. NoV GI was the most prevalent virus (32.1%), followed by NoV GII (25.6%) and HAV (10.1%). Cultured mussels showed the highest percentage of positive samples (61.4%), followed by cockles (59.4%), wild mussels (54.3%) and clams (38.7%). Viral contamination levels for most of the positive samples ranged from 102 to 103 RNA copies/g of digestive tissue (RNAc/g DT). The presence of viral contamination was statistically higher (P
ISSN:0168-1605
1879-3460
DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.10.007