Quantitative estimation of carbonation and chloride penetration in reinforced concrete by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

The penetration profile of chlorine in a reinforced concrete (RC) specimen was determined by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The concrete core was prepared from RC beams with cracking damage induced by bending load and salt water spraying. LIBS was performed using a specimen that was ob...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Spectrochimica acta. Part B: Atomic spectroscopy 2014-11, Vol.101, p.245-253
Main Authors: Eto, Shuzo, Matsuo, Toyofumi, Matsumura, Takuro, Fujii, Takashi, Tanaka, Masayoshi Y.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carbon
Carbonation
Chloride-induced damage
Chlorides
Chlorine
Concrete
Concretes
Cracks
Emission
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Penetration
Reinforced concrete
Two-dimensional profile
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Summary:The penetration profile of chlorine in a reinforced concrete (RC) specimen was determined by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The concrete core was prepared from RC beams with cracking damage induced by bending load and salt water spraying. LIBS was performed using a specimen that was obtained by splitting the concrete core, and the line scan of laser pulses gave the two-dimensional emission intensity profiles of 100×80mm2 within one hour. The two-dimensional profile of the emission intensity suggests that the presence of the crack had less effect on the emission intensity when the measurement interval was larger than the crack width. The chlorine emission spectrum was measured without using the buffer gas, which is usually used for chlorine measurement, by collinear double-pulse LIBS. The apparent diffusion coefficient, which is one of the most important parameters for chloride penetration in concrete, was estimated using the depth profile of chlorine emission intensity and Fick's law. The carbonation depth was estimated on the basis of the relationship between carbon and calcium emission intensities. When the carbon emission intensity was statistically higher than the calcium emission intensity at the measurement point, we determined that the point was carbonated. The estimation results were consistent with the spraying test results using phenolphthalein solution. These results suggest that the quantitative estimation by LIBS of carbonation depth and chloride penetration can be performed simultaneously. •We estimated the carbonation depth and the apparent diffusion coefficient of chlorine sodium in the reinforced concrete with cracking damage by LIBS.•Two-dimensional profile measurement of the emission intensity in each element was performed to visualize the chloride penetration and the carbonation in the reinforced concrete.•Apparent diffusion coefficient of chlorine and sodium can be estimated using the Fick’s law equationand the depth profile of chlorine emission intensity.•The carbonation depth was determined using the prediction interval of the linear regression between the carbon and calcium emission intensities.
ISSN:0584-8547
1873-3565
DOI:10.1016/j.sab.2014.09.004