Understanding HIV Latency: The Road to an HIV Cure

Treatment with antiretroviral therapy dramatically increases the survival of HIV-infected individuals. However, treatment has to be continued for life because it does not lead to the full eradication of infection. HIV persists in resting CD4 + T cells, and possibly other cell types, and can reemerge...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of medicine 2015-01, Vol.66 (1), p.407-421
Main Authors: Dahabieh, Matthew S, Battivelli, Emilie, Verdin, Eric
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anti-HIV Agents - therapeutic use
Antiretroviral drugs
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
HIV
HIV Infections - drug therapy
HIV-1
HIV-1 - genetics
HIV-1 - metabolism
HIV-1 - physiology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
lymphocyte
Lymphocytes
quiescence
RNA, Viral
Tat
transcription
Virus Latency - physiology
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Summary:Treatment with antiretroviral therapy dramatically increases the survival of HIV-infected individuals. However, treatment has to be continued for life because it does not lead to the full eradication of infection. HIV persists in resting CD4 + T cells, and possibly other cell types, and can reemerge from these cells when therapy is interrupted. Here, we review molecular mechanisms that have been proposed to contribute to HIV latency, as well as the relative roles of cis - and trans -acting mechanisms. We also discuss existing and future therapeutic opportunities regarding HIV latency that might lead to a future cure for HIV infection.
ISSN:0066-4219
1545-326X
DOI:10.1146/annurev-med-092112-152941