Dissipation and transformation of 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate in soil–water systems

•Soil organic carbon content significantly affects dissipation of 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate in the soil–water systems.•Hydroxylation is a major transformation pathway for 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate.•Deconjugation of 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate occurs on the solid phase of the soil and to a lower extent co...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of hazardous materials 2013-09, Vol.260, p.733-739
Main Authors: Bai, Xuelian, Casey, Francis X.M., Hakk, Heldur, DeSutter, Thomas M., Oduor, Peter G., Khan, Eakalak
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
17β-Estradiol
17β-Estradiol-17-sulfate
agricultural soils
Agriculture - methods
Agriculture, rearing and food industries wastes
animal manures
Animals
Applied sciences
biodegradation
carbon
Carbon - chemistry
Chemical engineering
conjugated estrogens
Conjugates
Deconjugation
environmental fate
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Estradiol - analogs & derivatives
Estradiol - chemistry
Estrogen
Estrogen conjugate
Estrogens
Estrogens - chemistry
estrone
Exact sciences and technology
half life
Hydrolysis
Hydroxylation
Kinetics
Manure
Mass Spectrometry
Natural water pollution
oxidation
Oxygen - chemistry
Pathways
Pollution
Precursors
Rainwaters, run off water and others
Reactors
runoff
soil organic carbon
Soil Pollutants - analysis
Soil Pollutants - isolation & purification
soil water
Soils
Solvents - chemistry
subsurface soil layers
Swine
Time Factors
Topsoil
Transformations
Wastes
Water Pollutants - analysis
Water Pollutants - isolation & purification
Water treatment and pollution
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Summary:•Soil organic carbon content significantly affects dissipation of 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate in the soil–water systems.•Hydroxylation is a major transformation pathway for 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate.•Deconjugation of 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate occurs on the solid phase of the soil and to a lower extent compared to hydroxylation. In the environment, estrogen conjugates can be precursors to the endocrine-disrupting free estrogens, 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1). Compared to other estrogen conjugates, 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate (E2-17S) is detected at relatively high concentrations and frequencies in animal manure and surface runoff from fields receiving manure. To elucidate the lifecycle of manure-borne estrogens and their conjugates in the environment, the fate of radiolabelled E2-17S in agricultural soils was investigated using laboratory batch studies with soils of different organic carbon (OC) content (1.29% for topsoil versus 0.26% for subsoil). E2-17S was found relatively persistent in the aqueous phase throughout the duration of the 14 d experiment. The aqueous E2-17S persisted longer in the subsoil (half-lives (DT50)=64–173h) than the topsoil (DT50=4.9–26h), and the aqueous persistence of E2-17S depended on its initial concentration. The major transformation pathway was hydroxylation, yielding mono- and di-hydroxy-E2-17S (OH-E2-17S and diOH-E2-17S). Free estrogens, E2 and E1, were only observed in the sorbed phase of the soil at low concentrations (∼1% of applied dose), which demonstrated that deconjugation and subsequent oxidation had occurred. Although deconjugation was not a major pathway, E2-17S could be a precursor of free estrogens in the environment.
ISSN:0304-3894
1873-3336
DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.036