Removal of pharmaceuticals from MWTP effluent by nanofiltration and solar photo-Fenton using two different iron complexes at neutral pH

In recent years, membrane technologies (nanofiltration (NF)/reverse osmosis (RO)) have received much attention for micropollutant separation from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (MWTP) effluents. Practically all micropollutants are retained in the concentrate stream, which must be treated. Adva...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water research (Oxford) 2014-11, Vol.64, p.23-31
Main Authors: Miralles-Cuevas, S., Oller, I., Pérez, J.A. Sánchez, Malato, S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Compound parabolic collectors
Coordination Complexes - chemistry
Effluents
Exact sciences and technology
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen Peroxide - chemistry
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Iron
Iron - chemistry
Iron complexes
Membranes
Micropollutants
Nanofiltration
Other wastewaters
Oxidation-Reduction
Pharmaceutical Preparations - chemistry
Pharmaceutical Preparations - radiation effects
Pharmaceuticals
Photo-Fenton
Pollution
Solar photocatalysis
Streams
Sunlight
Ultrafiltration
Waste Disposal, Fluid
Wastewaters
Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry
Water Pollutants, Chemical - radiation effects
Water Purification - methods
Water treatment and pollution
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Summary:In recent years, membrane technologies (nanofiltration (NF)/reverse osmosis (RO)) have received much attention for micropollutant separation from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (MWTP) effluents. Practically all micropollutants are retained in the concentrate stream, which must be treated. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have been demonstrated to be a good option for the removal of microcontaminants from water systems. However, these processes are expensive, and therefore, are usually combined with other techniques (such as membrane systems) in an attempt at cost reduction. One of the main costs in solar photo-Fenton comes from reagent consumption, mainly hydrogen peroxide and chemicals for pH adjustment. Thus, in this study, solar photo-Fenton was used to treat a real MWTP effluent with low initial iron (less than 0.2 mM) and hydrogen peroxide (less than 2 mM) concentrations. In order to work at neutral pH, iron complexing agents (EDDS and citrate) were used in the two cases studied: direct treatment of the MWTP effluent and treatment of the concentrate stream generated by NF. The degradation of five pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, flumequine, ibuprofen, ofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole) spiked in the effluent at low initial concentrations (μg L−1) was monitored as the main variable in the pilot-plant-scale photo-Fenton experiments. In both effluents, pharmaceuticals were efficiently removed (>90%), requiring low accumulated solar energy (2 kJUV L−1, key parameter in scaling up the CPC photoreactor) and low iron and hydrogen peroxide concentrations (reagent costs, 0.1 and 1.5 mM, respectively). NF provided a clean effluent, and the concentrate was positively treated by solar photo-Fenton with no significant differences between the direct MWTP effluent and NF concentrate treatments. [Display omitted] •Treatment of the concentrate stream generated from NF by photo-Fenton.•Solar photo-Fenton at neutral pH with complexing agents (EDDS and citrate).•EDDS as complexing agent permits that 90% of pharmaceuticals were removed.•Treatment of NF concentrate required lower UV energy.
ISSN:0043-1354
1879-2448
DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.032