Survival of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, poliovirus and Salmonella in marine waters

Discharge of sewage into the ocean is still a common method of disposal worldwide. Both treated and untreated sewage may contain significant concentrations of waterborne pathogens, such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, poliovirus and Salmonella. Limited studies exist on the survival of poliovirus and Sa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science and technology 1997, Vol.35 (11-12), p.261-268
Main Authors: Johnson, D.C., Enriquez, C.E., Pepper, I.L., Davis, T.L., Gerba, C.P., Rose, J.B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Applied sciences
Biological and medical sciences
Cryptosporidium
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cysts
Exact sciences and technology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Giardia
inactivation
Marine
Marine microorganisms
marine water
Microbial ecology
Microorganisms
Natural water pollution
Oocysts
Parasites
Pathogens
poliovirus
Pollution
Protozoa
Salmonella
Seawaters, estuaries
Sewage
Sunlight
Survival
Various environments (extraatmospheric space, air, water)
viruses
Waste treatment
Water quality
Water treatment and pollution
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Summary:Discharge of sewage into the ocean is still a common method of disposal worldwide. Both treated and untreated sewage may contain significant concentrations of waterborne pathogens, such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, poliovirus and Salmonella. Limited studies exist on the survival of poliovirus and Salmonella in marine waters; however, almost no information exists on the survival of protozoan parasites in marine waters. This study examined the survival of Giardia muris cysts, Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, poliovirus-1 and Salmonella typhimurium in marine waters. The survival of the microorganisms varied according to the presence of light, salinity and water quality (as determined by quantity of enterococci). All microorganisms survived longer in the dark than in sunlight, the order of survival in sunlight being: Cryptosporidium > poliovirus > Giardia > Salmonella.
ISSN:0273-1223
1996-9732
DOI:10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00270-9