Brain anatomical substrates of mirror movements in Kallmann syndrome

Among male patients affected by Kallmann syndrome, a genetically determined disease due to defective neural migration leading to hypogonadropic hypogonadism and hypo/anosmia, about 40% present the peculiar phenomenon of mirror movements, i.e. involuntary movements mirroring contralateral voluntary h...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Fla.), 2015-01, Vol.104, p.52-58
Main Authors: Manara, R., Salvalaggio, A., Citton, V., Palumbo, V., D'Errico, A., Elefante, A., Briani, C., Cantone, E., Ottaviano, G., Pellecchia, M.T., Greggio, N.A., Weis, L., D'Agosto, G., Rossato, M., De Carlo, E., Napoli, E., Coppola, G., Di Salle, F., Brunetti, A., Bonanni, G., Sinisi, A.A., Favaro, A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Brain
Brain - pathology
Brain - physiopathology
Cerebral Cortex - pathology
Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology
Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Disease
Globus Pallidus - pathology
Globus Pallidus - physiopathology
Humans
Hypotheses
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Kallmann syndrome
Kallmann Syndrome - pathology
Kallmann Syndrome - physiopathology
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Medical imaging
Middle Aged
Mirror movements
Morphology
Motor cortex
Motor Cortex - pathology
Motor Cortex - physiopathology
MRI
Patients
Physiology
Psychomotor Performance - physiology
Pyramidal Tracts - pathology
Pyramidal Tracts - physiopathology
Studies
Young Adult
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Summary:Among male patients affected by Kallmann syndrome, a genetically determined disease due to defective neural migration leading to hypogonadropic hypogonadism and hypo/anosmia, about 40% present the peculiar phenomenon of mirror movements, i.e. involuntary movements mirroring contralateral voluntary hand movements. Several pathogenic hypotheses have been proposed, but the ultimate neurological mechanisms are still elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate brain anatomical substrates of mirror movements in Kallmann syndrome by means of a panel of quantitative MRI analyses. Forty-nine male Kallmann syndrome patients underwent brain MRI. The study protocol included 3D-T1-weighted gradient echo, fluid attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion tensor imaging. Voxel-based morphometry, sulcation, curvature and cortical thickness analyses and tract based spatial statistics were performed using SPM8, Freesurfer and FSL. All patients underwent a complete physical and neurological examination including the evaluation of mirror movements (according to the Woods and Teuber criteria). Kallmann syndrome patients presenting with mirror movements (16/49, 32%) displayed the following brain changes: 1) increased gray matter density in the depth of the left precentral sulcus behind the middle frontal gyrus; 2) decreased cortical thickness in the precentral gyrus bilaterally, in the depth of right precentral sulcus and in the posterior portion of the right superior frontal gyrus; and 3) decreased fractional anisotropy in the left hemisphere involving the temporal lobe and peritrigonal white matter. No differences were shown by cortical curvature and sulcation analyses. The composite array of brain changes observed in Kallmann syndrome patients with mirror movements likely represents the anatomical–structural underpinnings leading to the peculiar derangement of the complex circuitry committed to unilateral hand voluntary movements. •We analyzed brain MRI of 43 Kallmann syndrome (KS) patients.•KS patients with mirror movement (MM) present cortical/subcortical changes.•Motor cortex and globus pallidus are primarily involved.•Cortico-spinal tract and corpus callosum do not show significant changes.•Gray matter structural changes underlie MM phenomenon in KS.
ISSN:1053-8119
1095-9572
DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.067