chloroplast view of the evolution of polyploid wheat

Polyploid wheats comprise four species: Triticum turgidum (AABB genomes) and T. aestivum (AABBDD) in the Emmer lineage, and T. timopheevii (AAGG) and T. zhukovskyi (AAGGAᵐAᵐ) in the Timopheevi lineage. Genetic relationships between chloroplast genomes were studied to trace the evolutionary history o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The New phytologist 2014-11, Vol.204 (3), p.704-714
Main Authors: Gornicki, Piotr, Zhu, Huilan, Wang, Junwei, Challa, Ghana S, Zhang, Zhengzhi, Gill, Bikram S, Li, Wanlong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aegilops
Aegilops speltoides
Biological Evolution
Biological taxonomies
chloroplast genome
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts - genetics
Cytoplasm
Diploids
diploidy
Divergence
Domestication
Evolution
Evolutionary genetics
Genetic relationship
genetic relationships
Genetic Variation
genome
Genome, Plant
Genomes
Genotype
Geographical distribution
Goat grass
Haplotypes
introgression
molecular evolution
monophyly
Phylogenetics
polyploid wheat
Polyploidy
provenance
Species
Speltoides
tetraploidy
Triticum
Triticum - genetics
Triticum aestivum
Triticum dicoccum
Triticum turgidum
Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon
Turgor pressure
Turkeys
Wheat
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Summary:Polyploid wheats comprise four species: Triticum turgidum (AABB genomes) and T. aestivum (AABBDD) in the Emmer lineage, and T. timopheevii (AAGG) and T. zhukovskyi (AAGGAᵐAᵐ) in the Timopheevi lineage. Genetic relationships between chloroplast genomes were studied to trace the evolutionary history of the species. Twenty‐five chloroplast genomes were sequenced, and 1127 plant accessions were genotyped, representing 13 Triticum and Aegilops species. The A. speltoides (SS genome) diverged before the divergence of T. urartu (AA), A. tauschii (DD) and the Aegilops species of the Sitopsis section. Aegilops speltoides forms a monophyletic clade with the polyploid Emmer and Timopheevi wheats, which originated within the last 0.7 and 0.4 Myr, respectively. The geographic distribution of chloroplast haplotypes of the wild tetraploid wheats and A. speltoides illustrates the possible geographic origin of the Emmer lineage in the southern Levant and the Timopheevi lineage in northern Iraq. Aegilops speltoides is the closest relative of the diploid donor of the chloroplast (cytoplasm), as well as the B and G genomes to Timopheevi and Emmer lineages. Chloroplast haplotypes were often shared by species or subspecies within major lineages and between the lineages, indicating the contribution of introgression to the evolution and domestication of polyploid wheats.
ISSN:0028-646X
1469-8137
DOI:10.1111/nph.12931