Are there depression and anxiety genetic markers and mutations? A systematic review

Abstract Background Genetic factors may encourage or even cause the occurrence of mood disorders such as anxiety and/or depression. However, despite the significant amount of work and sophisticated technology is not fully elucidated which genes or regions of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA, or which ty...

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Published in:Journal of affective disorders 2014-10, Vol.168, p.387-398
Main Authors: Lacerda-Pinheiro, Sally França, Pinheiro Junior, Roberto Flávio Fontenelle, Lima, Marcos Antonio Pereira de, Silva, Claúdio Gleidiston Lima da, Santos, Maria do Socorro Vieira dos, Teixeira Júnior, Antonio Gilvan, Oliveira, Pedro Neto Lima de, Ribeiro, Karla Denise Barros, Rolim-Neto, Modesto Leite, Bianco, Bianca Alves Vieira
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Alleles
Anxiety
Anxiety - genetics
Anxiety Disorders - genetics
Biological and medical sciences
Depression
Depression - genetics
Depressive Disorder - genetics
Genetic Markers
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Humans
Medical sciences
Miscellaneous
Mood disorders
Mutation
Polymorphism, Genetic
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
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Summary:Abstract Background Genetic factors may encourage or even cause the occurrence of mood disorders such as anxiety and/or depression. However, despite the significant amount of work and sophisticated technology is not fully elucidated which genes or regions of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA, or which types of genetic changes, alone or in combination, can represent reliable genetic markers of anxiety and/or depression. Objective To identify whether there are genetic changes that can cause depression or anxiety and if there are genetic markers that can be used to detect these changes. Methods A systematic review of 01.01.2004 to 03.28.2014 was held by VHL (Virtual Health Library). The search was performed with the descriptors ׳׳anxiety׳׳, ׳׳depression׳׳, “mutation” and “genetic markers׳׳. The selected articles were indexed in MEDLINE. The information pertinent to the study was selected, categorized and analyzed. Of the 374 articles found, 29 met the eligibility criteria. Results FMR1 gene polymorphisms, dopaminergic (DAT, DRD, COMT), serotonin (5-HTTLPR, HTR1A, HTR2A), interleukins, MCR1, HCN (potassium channel), neurorregulinas, GABAergic (GABA, GAD, DBI) DBI, GABA (Gabra) receptors and GAD genes (GAD1, GAD2) appear to contribute to generate condition of depression or anxiety like. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA in 124pb allele of D2S2944 in ofil 1 and 2 loci of chromosomes 4 and 7, respectively, and the chromosomes 8p, 17p and 15q appear to be associated with the origin of depression or anxiety. Conclusion Some studies show only associations with one of the disorders, mainly anxiety. Few have shown association with both simultaneously. Other studies showed specific association of gender, or even specific ethnic groups. It was noticed, controversies over certain markers. Interesting results were observed in combination of changes, especially in cases of SNPs, indicating that perhaps this is the most appropriate way to find reliable markers.
ISSN:0165-0327
1573-2517
DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.016