Endotoxic Properties of Free Lipid a from Porphyromonas Gingivalis

1 Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagayaku, Tokyo 158, Japan 2 Department of Oral Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238, Japan ABSTRACT The relationship between chemical structure and biological activity of the lipid A from Porphyromonas gin...

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Published in:Microbiology (Society for General Microbiology) 1997-01, Vol.143 (1), p.63-71
Main Authors: Tanamoto, Ken-ichi, Azumi, Satoko, Haishima, Yuji, Kumada, Hidefumi, Umemoto, Toshio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bacterial Toxins - chemistry
Bacterial Toxins - toxicity
Bacteriology
Biological and medical sciences
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Endotoxins - chemistry
Endotoxins - toxicity
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Limulus Test
Lipid A - chemistry
Lipid A - toxicity
Lipopolysaccharides - chemistry
Lipopolysaccharides - toxicity
Macrophages, Peritoneal - drug effects
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Mice, Inbred C3H
Microbiology
Mitogens - chemistry
Mitogens - toxicity
Monocytes - drug effects
Nitric Oxide - analysis
Pathogenicity, virulence, toxins, bacteriocins, pyrogens, host-bacteria relations, miscellaneous strains
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Porphyromonas gingivalis - chemistry
Salmonella - chemistry
Species Specificity
Toxicity Tests
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - analysis
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Summary:1 Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagayaku, Tokyo 158, Japan 2 Department of Oral Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238, Japan ABSTRACT The relationship between chemical structure and biological activity of the lipid A from Porphyromonas gingivalis , which we recently isolated and whose complete chemical structure was determined [Kumada et al. (1995). J Bacteriol 177, 2098--2106], was studied. The lipid A exhibited endotoxic activity in all the assay systems tested: Limulus gelation activity, lethal toxicity in galactosamine-sensitized mice, mitogenicity in mouse spleen cells and induction of nitric oxide (NO) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) release from both mouse peritoneal macrophages and the J774-1 mouse macrophage-like cell line. The activity was, however, about 100-fold less than that of Salmonella minnesota LPS used as a control. The moderate activity of the lipid A may be partially explained by its unique fatty acid composition and the lack of a phosphate group in position 4. In contrast, the lipid A as well as whole LPS of P. gingivalis unexpectedly exhibited an even stronger induction of TNF from the human monocytic THP-1 cell line than control LPS when measured by the minimum stimulatory dose. The difference in sensitivity of human and mouse cells to P. gingivalis lipid A suggests that the recognition mechanism, including that for the receptor for endotoxin, may be regulated in different ways in the two cells. 3 Author for correspondence: Ken-ichi Tanamoto. Tel: + 81 3 3700 1141. Fax: -- 81 3 3707 6950. Keywords: Porphyromonas gingivalis , lipopolysaccharide, lipid A, endotoxin
ISSN:1350-0872
1465-2080
DOI:10.1099/00221287-143-1-63