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Slow injection of nefopam reduces pain intensity associated with intravenous injection: a prospective randomized trial
Purpose We aimed to investigate the frequency and severity of pain associated with intravenous injection of nefopam and to determine whether a slow rate of administration can effectively reduce such pain. Methods We used a solution containing 30 mg nefopam diluted to 20 ml in saline. In all, 102 adu...
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Published in: | Journal of anesthesia 2014-06, Vol.28 (3), p.399-406 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Purpose
We aimed to investigate the frequency and severity of pain associated with intravenous injection of nefopam and to determine whether a slow rate of administration can effectively reduce such pain.
Methods
We used a solution containing 30 mg nefopam diluted to 20 ml in saline. In all, 102 adult patients undergoing minor surgery were randomly allocated to one of three administration groups: A (60 ml/h,
n
= 34); B (120 ml/h,
n
= 34); or C (180 ml/h,
n
= 34). All patients scored the maximal pain experienced during the 120-s infusion period, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the verbal pain score (VPS). Adverse events including phlebitis were recorded.
Results
Eighty-three patients (29 in group A, 27 each in groups B and C) were included in the final analysis. The incidence of injection pain was lower in group A (86.2 %) than in groups B (96.3 %) and C (100 %), but this difference was not statistically significant. The proportion of patients with a tolerable level of pain (VAS 0–3 and VPS 0–1) was significantly higher in group A (79.3 %) versus groups B (7.4 %) and C (3.7 %). The mean VAS scores for groups A, B, and C were 2.2 ± 1.3, 5.1 ± 1.6, and 7.2 ± 1.7, respectively, and these differences were statistically significant.
Conclusions
At the slower rate of infusion (60 ml/h) of the 1.5 mg/ml nefopam solution, injection pain intensity was attenuated to a significantly greater degree than at the faster rates. |
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ISSN: | 0913-8668 1438-8359 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s00540-013-1744-z |