Slow injection of nefopam reduces pain intensity associated with intravenous injection: a prospective randomized trial

Purpose We aimed to investigate the frequency and severity of pain associated with intravenous injection of nefopam and to determine whether a slow rate of administration can effectively reduce such pain. Methods We used a solution containing 30 mg nefopam diluted to 20 ml in saline. In all, 102 adu...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of anesthesia 2014-06, Vol.28 (3), p.399-406
Main Authors: Kim, Young Min, Lim, Byung Gun, Kim, Heezoo, Kong, Myoung Hoon, Lee, Mi Kyoung, Lee, Il Ok
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Analgesics, Non-Narcotic - administration & dosage
Analgesics, Non-Narcotic - therapeutic use
Anesthesiology
Critical Care Medicine
Emergency Medicine
Female
Health aspects
Humans
Injections, Intravenous
Intensive
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Middle Aged
Nefopam - administration & dosage
Nefopam - therapeutic use
Original Article
Pain - drug therapy
Pain Measurement
Pain Medicine
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Purpose We aimed to investigate the frequency and severity of pain associated with intravenous injection of nefopam and to determine whether a slow rate of administration can effectively reduce such pain. Methods We used a solution containing 30 mg nefopam diluted to 20 ml in saline. In all, 102 adult patients undergoing minor surgery were randomly allocated to one of three administration groups: A (60 ml/h, n  = 34); B (120 ml/h, n  = 34); or C (180 ml/h, n  = 34). All patients scored the maximal pain experienced during the 120-s infusion period, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the verbal pain score (VPS). Adverse events including phlebitis were recorded. Results Eighty-three patients (29 in group A, 27 each in groups B and C) were included in the final analysis. The incidence of injection pain was lower in group A (86.2 %) than in groups B (96.3 %) and C (100 %), but this difference was not statistically significant. The proportion of patients with a tolerable level of pain (VAS 0–3 and VPS 0–1) was significantly higher in group A (79.3 %) versus groups B (7.4 %) and C (3.7 %). The mean VAS scores for groups A, B, and C were 2.2 ± 1.3, 5.1 ± 1.6, and 7.2 ± 1.7, respectively, and these differences were statistically significant. Conclusions At the slower rate of infusion (60 ml/h) of the 1.5 mg/ml nefopam solution, injection pain intensity was attenuated to a significantly greater degree than at the faster rates.
ISSN:0913-8668
1438-8359
DOI:10.1007/s00540-013-1744-z