Initial bladder closure of the cloacal exstrophy complex: Outcome related risk factors and keys to success

Abstract Purpose This study examines a large single-institution experience with cloacal exstrophy patients, analyzing patient demographics and surgical strategies predictive of bladder closure outcomes. Methods One hundred patients with cloacal exstrophy were identified. Complete closure history inc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of pediatric surgery 2014-06, Vol.49 (6), p.1036-1040
Main Authors: Shah, Bhavik B, Di Carlo, Heather, Goldstein, Seth D, Pierorazio, Phillip M, Inouye, Brian M, Massanyi, Eric Z, Kern, Adam, Koshy, June, Sponseller, Paul, Gearhart, John P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bladder closure
Bladder Exstrophy - surgery
Child, Preschool
Cloacal exstrophy
Exstrophy
Failure
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Forecasting
Humans
Incidence
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
Osteotomy
Pediatrics
Postoperative Complications - epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Surgery
Treatment Outcome
United States - epidemiology
Urinary Bladder - surgery
Urologic Surgical Procedures - methods
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Summary:Abstract Purpose This study examines a large single-institution experience with cloacal exstrophy patients, analyzing patient demographics and surgical strategies predictive of bladder closure outcomes. Methods One hundred patients with cloacal exstrophy were identified. Complete closure history including demographics, operative history, and outcomes was available on 60 patients. Twenty-six patients with a history of failed initial bladder closure were compared to 34 with a history of successful initial bladder closure. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to compare the two groups. Results Median follow up time after initial closure was 9 years (range: 13 months-29 years). A 1 cm increase in pre-closure diastasis resulted in a 2.64 increase in the odds of initial closure failure (p = 0.004). Protective strategies against failure included delaying closure (per month) (OR = 0.894, p = 0.009), employing pelvic osteotomies (OR = 0.095, p < 0.001), and applying external fixation (OR = 0.024; p = 0.001). Among patients who underwent osteotomy (31% of patients in the failed group, 82% in the successful group), a longer delay between osteotomy and closure (OR = 0.033; p = 0.005) was also protective against failure. Conclusion Patients with a large diastasis are more likely to fail initial closure. Delaying initial closure for at least 3 months, performing pelvic osteotomy, and using an external fixation device post-operatively are strategies that improve closure success.
ISSN:0022-3468
1531-5037
DOI:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.01.047