Intraoperative Electroencephalography Predicts Postoperative Seizures in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract Background During the surgical repair of infants with congenital cardiac defects, there can be periods of decreased cerebral blood flow, particularly during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. As a result, these infants are at increased risk for seizures and long-term neurodevelopmental di...

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Published in:	Pediatric neurology 2014-04, Vol.50 (4), p.313-317
Main Authors:	Seltzer, Laurie E., DO, Swartz, Michael, PhD, Kwon, Jennifer M., MD, Burchfiel, James, PhD, Alfieris, George M., MD, Guillet, Ronnie, MD PhD
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Body Temperature Brain - physiopathology congenital heart disease deep hypothermic circulatory arrest Electroencephalography - methods Female Heart Defects, Congenital - surgery Humans Infant, Newborn intraoperative EEG monitoring Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring - methods Male Neurology Pediatrics Postoperative Period postoperative seizures Prognosis Seizures - diagnosis Seizures - etiology Seizures - physiopathology Treatment Outcome
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Summary:	Abstract Background During the surgical repair of infants with congenital cardiac defects, there can be periods of decreased cerebral blood flow, particularly during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. As a result, these infants are at increased risk for seizures and long-term neurodevelopmental difficulties. Methods Thirty-two infants with congenital heart disease had continuous video-electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring pre-, intra-, and postoperatively for 48 hours after surgery. Results For patients requiring deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (n = 17) the EEG pattern for all patients became suppressed and eventually isoelectric below 25°C. Two of the 32 infants had electrical seizures within the 48-hour monitoring period. Both required deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, and the burst pattern during recovery had rhythmic, sharp components that were high amplitude and often asynchronous between the hemispheres. The interval between the onset of seizure activity and initiation of the sharp burst pattern during surgery was 29 and 40 hours. This pattern was not observed during isoelectric recovery from infants who did not develop postoperative seizures. Conclusions The EEG in infants during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest displayed predictable changes. We identified an electroencephalographic pattern following the isoelectric period that may predict seizure development in the subsequent 48 hours.
ISSN:	0887-8994 1873-5150