The cell biology of cellulose synthesis

Plant stature and development are governed by cell proliferation and directed cell growth. These parameters are determined largely by cell wall characteristics. Cellulose microfibrils, composed of hydrogen-bonded β-1,4 glucans, are key components for anisotropic growth in plants. Cellulose is synthe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of plant biology 2014-01, Vol.65 (1), p.69-94
Main Authors: McFarlane, Heather E, Döring, Anett, Persson, Staffan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anisotropy
Arabidopsis - enzymology
Arabidopsis - metabolism
Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
Cell growth
Cellulose
Cellulose - biosynthesis
Cellulose - chemistry
Cellulose - metabolism
Glucosyltransferases - chemistry
Glucosyltransferases - metabolism
Hydrogen bonds
Models, Molecular
Plant growth
Protein Conformation
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Summary:Plant stature and development are governed by cell proliferation and directed cell growth. These parameters are determined largely by cell wall characteristics. Cellulose microfibrils, composed of hydrogen-bonded β-1,4 glucans, are key components for anisotropic growth in plants. Cellulose is synthesized by plasma membrane-localized cellulose synthase complexes. In higher plants, these complexes are assembled into hexameric rosettes in intracellular compartments and secreted to the plasma membrane. Here, the complexes typically track along cortical microtubules, which may guide cellulose synthesis, until the complexes are inactivated and/or internalized. Determining the regulatory aspects that control the behavior of cellulose synthase complexes is vital to understanding directed cell and plant growth and to tailoring cell wall content for industrial products, including paper, textiles, and fuel. In this review, we summarize and discuss cellulose synthesis and regulatory aspects of the cellulose synthase complex, focusing on Arabidopsis thaliana.
ISSN:1543-5008
1545-2123
DOI:10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-040240