A Review on Hierarchical Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

The routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is defined as the manner of data dissemination from the network field (source) to the base station (destination). Based on the network topology, there are two types of routing protocols in WSNs, they are namely flat routing protocols and hiera...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Wireless personal communications 2013-09, Vol.72 (2), p.1077-1104
Main Authors: Manap, Zahariah, Ali, Borhanuddin Mohd, Ng, Chee Kyun, Noordin, Nor Kamariah, Sali, Aduwati
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Access methods and protocols, osi model
Applied sciences
Chains
Communications Engineering
Computer Communication Networks
Computer science
control theory
systems
Computer systems and distributed systems. User interface
Engineering
Exact sciences and technology
Networks
Radiocommunications
Signal,Image and Speech Processing
Software
Telecommunications
Telecommunications and information theory
Teleprocessing networks. Isdn
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Summary:The routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is defined as the manner of data dissemination from the network field (source) to the base station (destination). Based on the network topology, there are two types of routing protocols in WSNs, they are namely flat routing protocols and hierarchical routing protocols. Hierarchical routing protocols (HRPs) are more energy efficient and scalable compared to flat routing protocols. This paper discusses how topology management and network application influence the performance of cluster-based and chain-based hierarchical networks. It reviews the basic features of sensor connectivity issues such as power control in topology set-up, sleep/idle pairing and data transmission control that are used in five common HRPs, and it also examines their impact on the protocol performance. A good picture of their respective performances give an indication how network applications, i.e whether reactive or proactive, and topology management i.e. whether centralized or distributed would determine the network performance. Finally, from the ensuring discussion, it is shown that the chain-based HRPs guarantee a longer network lifetime compared to cluster-based HRPs by three to five times.
ISSN:0929-6212
1572-834X
DOI:10.1007/s11277-013-1056-5