Facts and dilemmas in diagnosis of tuberculosis in wildlife

Abstract Mycobacterium bovis , causing bovine tuberculosis (BTB), has been recognized as a global threat at the wildlife-livestock-human interface, a clear “One Health” issue. Several wildlife species have been identified as maintenance hosts. Spillover of infection from these species to livestock o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases microbiology and infectious diseases, 2013-05, Vol.36 (3), p.269-285
Main Authors: Maas, M, Michel, A.L, Rutten, V.P.M.G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergy and Immunology
Animals
Animals, Wild - microbiology
Bovine tuberculosis
Cattle
Developing Countries
Diagnostic assays
Disease Reservoirs - microbiology
Epidemiological Monitoring
Humans
Infectious Disease
Mycobacterium bovis
Mycobacterium bovis - immunology
Review
Test validation
Tuberculosis, Bovine - diagnosis
Tuberculosis, Bovine - epidemiology
Tuberculosis, Bovine - transmission
Zoonoses - diagnosis
Zoonoses - epidemiology
Zoonoses - transmission
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Summary:Abstract Mycobacterium bovis , causing bovine tuberculosis (BTB), has been recognized as a global threat at the wildlife-livestock-human interface, a clear “One Health” issue. Several wildlife species have been identified as maintenance hosts. Spillover of infection from these species to livestock or other wildlife species may have economic and conservation implications and infection of humans causes public health concerns, especially in developing countries. Most BTB management strategies rely on BTB testing, which can be performed for a range of purposes, from disease surveillance to diagnosing individual infected animals. New diagnostic assays are being developed for selected wildlife species. This review investigates the most frequent objectives and associated requirements for testing wildlife for tuberculosis at the level of individual animals as well as small and large populations. By aligning those with the available (immunological) ante mortem diagnostic assays, the practical challenges and limitations wildlife managers and researchers are currently faced with are highlighted.
ISSN:0147-9571
1878-1667
DOI:10.1016/j.cimid.2012.10.010