Cardiac right-to-left shunt subtypes in Chinese patients with cryptogenic strokes: a multicenter case−control study

Background and purpose Data on the possible association between cardiac right‐to‐left shunt (RLS) and cryptogenic stroke are lacking in Asians. RLS and its subtypes in Chinese cryptogenic stroke patients were investigated. Methods Patients (n = 153, mean age 42 ± 10 years, 81 male) with cryptogenic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of neurology 2014-03, Vol.21 (3), p.525-528
Main Authors: Xu, W.-H., Xing, Y.-Q., Yan, Z.-R., Jiang, J.-D., Gao, S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical - methods
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Case-Control Studies
Chinese population
Female
Foramen Ovale, Patent - diagnostic imaging
Foramen Ovale, Patent - etiology
Foramen Ovale, Patent - surgery
Functional Laterality
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
patent foramen ovale
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
stroke
Stroke - complications
Stroke - diagnostic imaging
Stroke - surgery
transcranial Doppler
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
Young Adult
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Summary:Background and purpose Data on the possible association between cardiac right‐to‐left shunt (RLS) and cryptogenic stroke are lacking in Asians. RLS and its subtypes in Chinese cryptogenic stroke patients were investigated. Methods Patients (n = 153, mean age 42 ± 10 years, 81 male) with cryptogenic stroke from four medical centers in China and 135 healthy volunteers (mean age 34 ± 8 years, 54 male) were recruited. Contrast transcranial Doppler was used to assess the prevalence of RLS. A three‐level RLS categorization was applied as follows: none, 0 microbubbles (MBs); small, 1–25 MBs; and large, >25 MBs. RLS was considered latent if it occurred only after the Valsalva maneuver or permanent when it occurred also during normal respiration. Results Overall, RLS (P = 0.02), large RLS (P 
ISSN:1351-5101
1468-1331
DOI:10.1111/ene.12351