Plasma Choline, Nicotine Exposure, and Risk of Low Bone Mineral Density and Hip Fracture: The Hordaland Health Study

ABSTRACT Choline, obtained from diet and formed by biosynthesis, is the immediate precursor of betaine. Animal studies suggest an impact of choline on bone metabolism. We examined the associations of plasma choline and betaine with bone mineral density (BMD), the risk of hip fractures, and possible...

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Published in:Journal of bone and mineral research 2014-01, Vol.29 (1), p.242-250
Main Authors: Øyen, Jannike, Nygård, Ottar Kjell, Gjesdal, Clara Gram, Ueland, Per Magne, Apalset, Ellen Margrete, Schartum‐Hansen, Hall, Vollset, Stein Emil, Meyer, Klaus, Tell, Grethe S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Absorptiometry, Photon
Aged
Betaine - blood
Bone Density
BONE MINERAL DENSITY
Choline - blood
Female
HIP FRACTURE
Hip Fractures - epidemiology
Hip Fractures - etiology
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Nicotine - adverse effects
Nicotine - pharmacology
NICOTINE EXPOSURE
Norway - epidemiology
Odds Ratio
PLASMA BETAINE
PLASMA CHOLINE
PLASMA COTININE
Risk Factors
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Summary:ABSTRACT Choline, obtained from diet and formed by biosynthesis, is the immediate precursor of betaine. Animal studies suggest an impact of choline on bone metabolism. We examined the associations of plasma choline and betaine with bone mineral density (BMD), the risk of hip fractures, and possible effect‐modification by nicotine exposure. The Hordaland Health Study (1998 to 2000) included 7074 women and men (ages 46 to 49 or 71 to 74 years). In 5315, BMD was measured. The oldest (n = 3311) were followed for hip fractures through 2009. Risk associations were studied by logistic and Cox regression by comparing the lowest and middle tertiles with the highest, as well as trends across tertiles of plasma choline and betaine. In analyses adjusted for sex and age, participants in the lowest (odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.69–2.37) and middle (OR = 1.39, CI 1.17–1.66) tertiles of plasma choline had an increased risk of low BMD (lowest quintile) (p trend 
ISSN:0884-0431
1523-4681
DOI:10.1002/jbmr.2025