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Fragmented QRS as a predictor of arrhythmic events in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Objectives This study aims to determine whether fragmented QRS (fQRS) in the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) at implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implant can predict arrhythmic events using appropriate therapy delivered by the ICD as a surrogate. Background Hypertrophic obstructive cardio...
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| Published in: | Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology 2013-12, Vol.38 (3), p.159-165 |
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| container_title | Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology |
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| creator | Femenía, Francisco Arce, Maurico Van Grieken, Jorge Trucco, Emilce Mont, Luis Abello, Mauricio Merino, José L. Rivero-Ayerza, Máximo Gorenek, Bulent Rodriguez, Carlos Hopman, Wilma M. Baranchuk, Adrian |
| description | Objectives
This study aims to determine whether fragmented QRS (fQRS) in the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) at implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implant can predict arrhythmic events using appropriate therapy delivered by the ICD as a surrogate.
Background
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a genetic disorder associated with life-threatening arrhythmias frequently requiring an ICD. Seeking a noninvasive method of risk stratification remains a challenge.
Methods
This paper is a retrospective, multicenter study of patients with HOCM and ICD. Surface 12-lead ECGs were analyzed. Appropriate therapy was validated by a blinded Core Lab. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. A
p
value of |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10840-013-9829-z |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1449276918</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3118567371</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-193ecec6e5f8a285921a860a1cbf7a1928a5ded72c4dc1956e526b0f92138c943</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp10UtP3DAQAGCroiqP9gf0gixx6SXUjyS2jxWCgoSE6EPqzfI6k41hE6e2Awq_Hi-7IITEySP5m_F4BqGvlBxTQsT3SIksSUEoL5Rkqnj4gPZoJVghK1Xt5JhLXkhR_dtF-zHeEEIUYfUntMvKnCNItYduz4JZ9jAkaPD1r9_YRGzwGKBxNvmAfYtNCN2cut5ZDHcZRuwGPJrknuJ7lzrczSOEFPzYZeQXMYXJJncH2JrQON_PPvtu_ow-tmYV4cv2PEB_z07_nJwXl1c_L05-XBaWC5YKqjhYsDVUrTQsf4VRI2tiqF20wlDFpKkaaASzZWOpqjJk9YK02XFpVckP0LdN3TH4_xPEpHsXLaxWZgA_RU3LUjFRKyozPXpDb_wUhtzdWkmhal7zrOhG2eBjDNDqMbjehFlToteb0JtN6DxVvd6Efsg5h9vK06KH5iXjefQZsA2I-WpYQnj19LtVHwHOYJXJ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1448796363</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Fragmented QRS as a predictor of arrhythmic events in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy</title><source>Springer Link</source><creator>Femenía, Francisco ; Arce, Maurico ; Van Grieken, Jorge ; Trucco, Emilce ; Mont, Luis ; Abello, Mauricio ; Merino, José L. ; Rivero-Ayerza, Máximo ; Gorenek, Bulent ; Rodriguez, Carlos ; Hopman, Wilma M. ; Baranchuk, Adrian</creator><creatorcontrib>Femenía, Francisco ; Arce, Maurico ; Van Grieken, Jorge ; Trucco, Emilce ; Mont, Luis ; Abello, Mauricio ; Merino, José L. ; Rivero-Ayerza, Máximo ; Gorenek, Bulent ; Rodriguez, Carlos ; Hopman, Wilma M. ; Baranchuk, Adrian ; Fragmented QRS in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (FHOCM) Study Investigators ; on behalf of Fragmented QRS in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (FHOCM) Study Investigators</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives
This study aims to determine whether fragmented QRS (fQRS) in the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) at implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implant can predict arrhythmic events using appropriate therapy delivered by the ICD as a surrogate.
Background
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a genetic disorder associated with life-threatening arrhythmias frequently requiring an ICD. Seeking a noninvasive method of risk stratification remains a challenge.
Methods
This paper is a retrospective, multicenter study of patients with HOCM and ICD. Surface 12-lead ECGs were analyzed. Appropriate therapy was validated by a blinded Core Lab. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. A
p
value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Results
We included 102 patients from 13 centers. Mean age at implant was 41.16 ± 18.25 years, 52 % were male. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 61.56 ± 9.46 % and two thirds had heart failure according to the New York Heart Association class I. Secondary prophylaxis ICD implantation was the indication for implant in 40.2 % of cases. About half received a single-chamber ICD. fQRS was present at the time of diagnosis in 21 and in 54 % at ICD implant. At a mean follow-up of 47.8 ± 39.3 months, 41 patients (40.2 %) presented with appropriate therapy. In a multivariate logistic regression, predictors of appropriate therapy included fQRS at implant (odds ratio [OR], 16.4; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 3.6–74.0;
p
= 0.0003), history of combined ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation/sudden death (OR, 14.3; 95 % CI, 3.2–69.3;
p
= 0.001) and history of syncope (OR, 5.5; 95 % CI, 1.5–20.4;
p
= 0.009). Ten deaths (9.8 %) occurred during the follow-up. fQRS in the lateral location increased the risk of appropriate therapy (
p
< 0.0001).
Conclusions
fQRS predicts arrhythmic events in patients with HOCM and should be considered in a model of risk stratification.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1383-875X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1572-8595</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10840-013-9829-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24013705</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: Springer US</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - diagnosis ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - epidemiology ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - prevention & control ; Cardiology ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - diagnosis ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - epidemiology ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - prevention & control ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comorbidity ; Defibrillators, Implantable ; Electrocardiography - methods ; Electrocardiography - statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Internationality ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology, 2013-12, Vol.38 (3), p.159-165</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-193ecec6e5f8a285921a860a1cbf7a1928a5ded72c4dc1956e526b0f92138c943</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-193ecec6e5f8a285921a860a1cbf7a1928a5ded72c4dc1956e526b0f92138c943</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24013705$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Femenía, Francisco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arce, Maurico</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van Grieken, Jorge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trucco, Emilce</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mont, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abello, Mauricio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Merino, José L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rivero-Ayerza, Máximo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorenek, Bulent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodriguez, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hopman, Wilma M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baranchuk, Adrian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fragmented QRS in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (FHOCM) Study Investigators</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>on behalf of Fragmented QRS in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (FHOCM) Study Investigators</creatorcontrib><title>Fragmented QRS as a predictor of arrhythmic events in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy</title><title>Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology</title><addtitle>J Interv Card Electrophysiol</addtitle><addtitle>J Interv Card Electrophysiol</addtitle><description>Objectives
This study aims to determine whether fragmented QRS (fQRS) in the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) at implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implant can predict arrhythmic events using appropriate therapy delivered by the ICD as a surrogate.
Background
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a genetic disorder associated with life-threatening arrhythmias frequently requiring an ICD. Seeking a noninvasive method of risk stratification remains a challenge.
Methods
This paper is a retrospective, multicenter study of patients with HOCM and ICD. Surface 12-lead ECGs were analyzed. Appropriate therapy was validated by a blinded Core Lab. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. A
p
value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Results
We included 102 patients from 13 centers. Mean age at implant was 41.16 ± 18.25 years, 52 % were male. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 61.56 ± 9.46 % and two thirds had heart failure according to the New York Heart Association class I. Secondary prophylaxis ICD implantation was the indication for implant in 40.2 % of cases. About half received a single-chamber ICD. fQRS was present at the time of diagnosis in 21 and in 54 % at ICD implant. At a mean follow-up of 47.8 ± 39.3 months, 41 patients (40.2 %) presented with appropriate therapy. In a multivariate logistic regression, predictors of appropriate therapy included fQRS at implant (odds ratio [OR], 16.4; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 3.6–74.0;
p
= 0.0003), history of combined ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation/sudden death (OR, 14.3; 95 % CI, 3.2–69.3;
p
= 0.001) and history of syncope (OR, 5.5; 95 % CI, 1.5–20.4;
p
= 0.009). Ten deaths (9.8 %) occurred during the follow-up. fQRS in the lateral location increased the risk of appropriate therapy (
p
< 0.0001).
Conclusions
fQRS predicts arrhythmic events in patients with HOCM and should be considered in a model of risk stratification.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Arrhythmias, Cardiac - diagnosis</subject><subject>Arrhythmias, Cardiac - epidemiology</subject><subject>Arrhythmias, Cardiac - prevention & control</subject><subject>Cardiology</subject><subject>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - diagnosis</subject><subject>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - prevention & control</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Defibrillators, Implantable</subject><subject>Electrocardiography - methods</subject><subject>Electrocardiography - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internationality</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1383-875X</issn><issn>1572-8595</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp10UtP3DAQAGCroiqP9gf0gixx6SXUjyS2jxWCgoSE6EPqzfI6k41hE6e2Awq_Hi-7IITEySP5m_F4BqGvlBxTQsT3SIksSUEoL5Rkqnj4gPZoJVghK1Xt5JhLXkhR_dtF-zHeEEIUYfUntMvKnCNItYduz4JZ9jAkaPD1r9_YRGzwGKBxNvmAfYtNCN2cut5ZDHcZRuwGPJrknuJ7lzrczSOEFPzYZeQXMYXJJncH2JrQON_PPvtu_ow-tmYV4cv2PEB_z07_nJwXl1c_L05-XBaWC5YKqjhYsDVUrTQsf4VRI2tiqF20wlDFpKkaaASzZWOpqjJk9YK02XFpVckP0LdN3TH4_xPEpHsXLaxWZgA_RU3LUjFRKyozPXpDb_wUhtzdWkmhal7zrOhG2eBjDNDqMbjehFlToteb0JtN6DxVvd6Efsg5h9vK06KH5iXjefQZsA2I-WpYQnj19LtVHwHOYJXJ</recordid><startdate>20131201</startdate><enddate>20131201</enddate><creator>Femenía, Francisco</creator><creator>Arce, Maurico</creator><creator>Van Grieken, Jorge</creator><creator>Trucco, Emilce</creator><creator>Mont, Luis</creator><creator>Abello, Mauricio</creator><creator>Merino, José L.</creator><creator>Rivero-Ayerza, Máximo</creator><creator>Gorenek, Bulent</creator><creator>Rodriguez, Carlos</creator><creator>Hopman, Wilma M.</creator><creator>Baranchuk, Adrian</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20131201</creationdate><title>Fragmented QRS as a predictor of arrhythmic events in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy</title><author>Femenía, Francisco ; Arce, Maurico ; Van Grieken, Jorge ; Trucco, Emilce ; Mont, Luis ; Abello, Mauricio ; Merino, José L. ; Rivero-Ayerza, Máximo ; Gorenek, Bulent ; Rodriguez, Carlos ; Hopman, Wilma M. ; Baranchuk, Adrian</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-193ecec6e5f8a285921a860a1cbf7a1928a5ded72c4dc1956e526b0f92138c943</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Arrhythmias, Cardiac - diagnosis</topic><topic>Arrhythmias, Cardiac - epidemiology</topic><topic>Arrhythmias, Cardiac - prevention & control</topic><topic>Cardiology</topic><topic>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - diagnosis</topic><topic>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - prevention & control</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Defibrillators, Implantable</topic><topic>Electrocardiography - methods</topic><topic>Electrocardiography - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internationality</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Femenía, Francisco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arce, Maurico</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van Grieken, Jorge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trucco, Emilce</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mont, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abello, Mauricio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Merino, José L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rivero-Ayerza, Máximo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorenek, Bulent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodriguez, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hopman, Wilma M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baranchuk, Adrian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fragmented QRS in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (FHOCM) Study Investigators</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>on behalf of Fragmented QRS in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (FHOCM) Study Investigators</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Proquest)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Femenía, Francisco</au><au>Arce, Maurico</au><au>Van Grieken, Jorge</au><au>Trucco, Emilce</au><au>Mont, Luis</au><au>Abello, Mauricio</au><au>Merino, José L.</au><au>Rivero-Ayerza, Máximo</au><au>Gorenek, Bulent</au><au>Rodriguez, Carlos</au><au>Hopman, Wilma M.</au><au>Baranchuk, Adrian</au><aucorp>Fragmented QRS in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (FHOCM) Study Investigators</aucorp><aucorp>on behalf of Fragmented QRS in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (FHOCM) Study Investigators</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Fragmented QRS as a predictor of arrhythmic events in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy</atitle><jtitle>Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology</jtitle><stitle>J Interv Card Electrophysiol</stitle><addtitle>J Interv Card Electrophysiol</addtitle><date>2013-12-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>38</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>159</spage><epage>165</epage><pages>159-165</pages><issn>1383-875X</issn><eissn>1572-8595</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Objectives
This study aims to determine whether fragmented QRS (fQRS) in the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) at implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implant can predict arrhythmic events using appropriate therapy delivered by the ICD as a surrogate.
Background
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a genetic disorder associated with life-threatening arrhythmias frequently requiring an ICD. Seeking a noninvasive method of risk stratification remains a challenge.
Methods
This paper is a retrospective, multicenter study of patients with HOCM and ICD. Surface 12-lead ECGs were analyzed. Appropriate therapy was validated by a blinded Core Lab. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. A
p
value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Results
We included 102 patients from 13 centers. Mean age at implant was 41.16 ± 18.25 years, 52 % were male. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 61.56 ± 9.46 % and two thirds had heart failure according to the New York Heart Association class I. Secondary prophylaxis ICD implantation was the indication for implant in 40.2 % of cases. About half received a single-chamber ICD. fQRS was present at the time of diagnosis in 21 and in 54 % at ICD implant. At a mean follow-up of 47.8 ± 39.3 months, 41 patients (40.2 %) presented with appropriate therapy. In a multivariate logistic regression, predictors of appropriate therapy included fQRS at implant (odds ratio [OR], 16.4; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 3.6–74.0;
p
= 0.0003), history of combined ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation/sudden death (OR, 14.3; 95 % CI, 3.2–69.3;
p
= 0.001) and history of syncope (OR, 5.5; 95 % CI, 1.5–20.4;
p
= 0.009). Ten deaths (9.8 %) occurred during the follow-up. fQRS in the lateral location increased the risk of appropriate therapy (
p
< 0.0001).
Conclusions
fQRS predicts arrhythmic events in patients with HOCM and should be considered in a model of risk stratification.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>24013705</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10840-013-9829-z</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology, 2013-12, Vol.38 (3), p.159-165 |
| issn | 1383-875X 1572-8595 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Springer Link |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Arrhythmias, Cardiac - diagnosis Arrhythmias, Cardiac - epidemiology Arrhythmias, Cardiac - prevention & control Cardiology Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - diagnosis Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - epidemiology Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - prevention & control Child Child, Preschool Comorbidity Defibrillators, Implantable Electrocardiography - methods Electrocardiography - statistics & numerical data Female Humans Internationality Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Prevalence Prognosis Reproducibility of Results Retrospective Studies Risk Assessment Sensitivity and Specificity Young Adult |
| title | Fragmented QRS as a predictor of arrhythmic events in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy |
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