Mechanisms underlying immune effects of dietary oligosaccharides

The WHO refers to human milk as the nutritional gold standard for term infants. Human milk contains many immunomodulatory compounds, including oligosaccharides. Human-milk oligosaccharides can serve as prebiotics because the nondigestible oligosaccharides present in human milk show a clear bifidogen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of clinical nutrition 2013-08, Vol.98 (2), p.572S-577S
Main Authors: Jeurink, Prescilla V, van Esch, Betty CAM, Rijnierse, Anneke, Garssen, Johan, Knippels, Léon MJ
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Asthma
Asthma - prevention & control
atopic dermatitis
Babies
Biological and medical sciences
breast milk
Cells
clinical nutrition
Clinical trials
Clinical Trials as Topic
Dermatitis, Atopic - prevention & control
Diet
Effects
Feeding. Feeding behavior
food allergies
Food Hypersensitivity - prevention & control
fructooligosaccharides
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
galactooligosaccharides
Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology
Humans
Immunologic Factors - administration & dosage
immunomodulators
Infant
infants
intestinal microorganisms
Metagenome
Microbiology
Milk
Milk, Human - chemistry
Models, Animal
nutritional intervention
Oligosaccharides - administration & dosage
prebiotics
Prebiotics - analysis
Prebiotics - microbiology
Probiotics - administration & dosage
Trisaccharides - administration & dosage
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
World Health Organization
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Summary:The WHO refers to human milk as the nutritional gold standard for term infants. Human milk contains many immunomodulatory compounds, including oligosaccharides. Human-milk oligosaccharides can serve as prebiotics because the nondigestible oligosaccharides present in human milk show a clear bifidogenic effect on the gut microbiota. Dietary oligosaccharide structures that have prebiotic effects similar to human-milk oligosaccharides include galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, and pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides. Both animal studies and human clinical trials showed that dietary intervention with these dietary oligosaccharides in early life could lead to the prevention of atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and allergic asthma. The immune-modulating effects of these oligosaccharides are likely assisted via alteration of the intestinal microbiota or in a microbiota-independent manner by direct interaction on immune cells or both. In this review, an overview of the prebiotic role of dietary oligosaccharides on the microbiota and the microbiota-independent immune modulation by these prebiotics is provided. In addition, recent publications that report on the pathways by which the oligosaccharides might exert their direct immunomodulatory effect are summarized.
ISSN:0002-9165
1938-3207
DOI:10.3945/ajcn.112.038596