Muscle wasting in cancer

Skeletal muscle loss appears to be the most significant clinical event in cancer cachexia and is associated with a poor outcome. With regard to such muscle loss, despite extensive study in a range of models, there is ongoing debate as to whether a reduction in protein synthesis, an increase in degra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 2013-10, Vol.45 (10), p.2215-2229
Main Authors: Johns, N., Stephens, N.A., Fearon, K.C.H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
animal models
Animals
biomarkers
Cachexia
Cachexia - metabolism
Cachexia - pathology
Cancer
cell biology
clinical trials
Degradation
Humans
Muscle
muscles
muscular atrophy
Muscular Atrophy - metabolism
Muscular Atrophy - pathology
Neoplasms - metabolism
Neoplasms - pathology
proteasome endopeptidase complex
protein degradation
protein synthesis
Signal Transduction
skeletal muscle
Synthesis
ubiquitin
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Summary:Skeletal muscle loss appears to be the most significant clinical event in cancer cachexia and is associated with a poor outcome. With regard to such muscle loss, despite extensive study in a range of models, there is ongoing debate as to whether a reduction in protein synthesis, an increase in degradation or a combination of both is the more relevant. Each model differs in terms of key mediators and the pathways activated in skeletal muscle. Certain models do suggest that decreased synthesis accompanied by enhanced protein degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) is important. Murine models tend to involve rapid development of cachexia and may represent more acute muscle atrophy rather than the chronic wasting observed in humans. There is a paucity of human data both at a basic descriptive level and at a molecular/mechanism level. Progress in treating the human form of cancer cachexia can only move forwards through carefully designed large randomised controlled clinical trials of specific therapies with validated biomarkers of relevance to underlying mechanisms. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Molecular basis of muscle wasting.
ISSN:1357-2725
1878-5875
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.032