Effects of smoking regular or light cigarettes on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation

Abstract Background and purpose To compare the effects of regular cigarettes (RCs) and light cigarettes (LCs) on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and sublingual glyceryl trinitrate-induced dilation (GTN), markers of endothelial dependant and independent function, respectively. Methods 20...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Atherosclerosis 2013-05, Vol.228 (1), p.153-160
Main Authors: Amato, M, Frigerio, B, Castelnuovo, S, Ravani, A, Sansaro, D, Tremoli, E, Squellerio, I, Cavalca, V, Veglia, F, Sirtori, C.R, Werba, J.P, Baldassarre, D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acute effects
Adult
arginine
atherosclerosis
Brachial Artery - diagnostic imaging
Brachial Artery - metabolism
Brachial Artery - physiology
Cardiovascular
cigarettes
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Endothelium, Vascular - drug effects
Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism
Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology
Female
Flow-mediated dilation
foot-and-mouth disease
Humans
Inflammation
Light cigarettes
Male
men
Middle Aged
nicotine
Nicotine - adverse effects
Nicotinic Agonists - adverse effects
Nitric oxide
Nitric Oxide - metabolism
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - physiology
Smoking
Smoking - adverse effects
Smoking - metabolism
Smoking - physiopathology
Tobacco Products - adverse effects
ultrasonics
Ultrasonography
Ultrasound
Vasculitis - diagnostic imaging
Vasculitis - metabolism
Vasculitis - physiopathology
vasodilation
Vasodilation - drug effects
Vasodilation - physiology
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Summary:Abstract Background and purpose To compare the effects of regular cigarettes (RCs) and light cigarettes (LCs) on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and sublingual glyceryl trinitrate-induced dilation (GTN), markers of endothelial dependant and independent function, respectively. Methods 206 subjects (age 51.5 ± 12.8 yr, 122 men) had their smoking habits recorded and FMD and GTN measured by B-mode ultrasound. Cigarettes were categorized as RCs or LCs according to their content of tar, nicotine and CO. The chronic effect was assessed in current smokers of RCs ( n  = 85) or LCs ( n  = 53) and in never smokers (NS; n  = 68). The acute effect was assessed in current smokers by measuring FMD before and 10-min after smoking a single regular ( n  = 29) or light ( n  = 51) cigarette. Results FMD was significantly lower in consumers of RCs (6.26%, 95% C.I. 5.58, 6.94) or LCs (5.59%, 95% C.I. 4.74, 6.45) compared to NS (8.68%, 95% C.I. 7.92, 9.44) (both P   0.05) when compared to each other. GTN was similar in the three groups. Analyses adjusted for clinical confounders and for markers involved in oxidative stress, arginine/nitric oxide pathway, and inflammation provided identical results. Smoking a single cigarette, either regular or light, reduced FMD (−0.88% and −1.17%, respectively, both P  
ISSN:0021-9150
1879-1484
DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.037