Baroreflex and chemoreflex controls of sympathetic activity following intermittent hypoxia

Abstract There is a large amount of evidence linking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and the associated intermittent hypoxia that accompanies it, with the development of hypertension. For example, cross-sectional studies demonstrate that the prevalence of hypertension increases with the severity of O...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Autonomic neuroscience 2013-03, Vol.174 (1), p.8-14
Main Authors: Freet, Christopher S, Stoner, James F, Tang, Xiaorui
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Advanced Basic Science
Animals
Apnea
Autonomic nervous system
Baroreceptors
Baroreflex
Blood pressure
Chemoreception (internal)
Chemoreceptor Cells - metabolism
Chemoreflex
Comorbidity
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - epidemiology
Hypoxia
Hypoxia - epidemiology
Hypoxia - metabolism
Hypoxia, Brain - epidemiology
Hypoxia, Brain - metabolism
Medical Education
Nervous system
Reflexes
Sleep
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - epidemiology
Sleep disorders
Sympathetic activity
Sympathetic Nervous System - metabolism
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Summary:Abstract There is a large amount of evidence linking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and the associated intermittent hypoxia that accompanies it, with the development of hypertension. For example, cross-sectional studies demonstrate that the prevalence of hypertension increases with the severity of OSA ( Bixler et al., 2000; Grote et al., 2001 ) and an initial determination of OSA is associated with a three-fold increase for future hypertension ( Peppard et al., 2000 ). Interestingly, bouts of intermittent hypoxia have also been shown to affect sympathetic output associated with the baroreflex and chemoreflex, important mechanisms in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. As such, the possibility exists that changes in the baroreflex and chemoreflex may contribute to the development of chronic hypertension observed in OSA patients. The aim of the current article is to briefly review the response of the baroreflex and chemoreflex to intermittent hypoxic exposure and to evaluate evidence for the hypothesis that modification of these autonomic reflexes may, at least in part, support the comorbidity observed between chronic hypertension and OSA.
ISSN:1566-0702
1872-7484
DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2012.12.005