Cytokine gene expression and prostaglandin production in head kidney leukocytes isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) added different levels of arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid

Primary head kidney leukocytes from Atlantic cod were isolated to evaluate the use of arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid by cyclooxygenases and the production of prostaglandins E2 and E3. The expression of cyclooxygenase genes and selected interleukin genes like Interleukin 1β, Interleukin 6...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Fish & shellfish immunology 2013-03, Vol.34 (3), p.770-777
Main Authors: Furne, Miriam, Holen, Elisabeth, Araujo, Pedro, Lie, Kai Kristoffer, Moren, Mari
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alprostadil - analogs & derivatives
Alprostadil - metabolism
Animal Feed - analysis
Animals
Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic Acid - pharmacology
Atlantic cod
Chromatography, Liquid
Cyclooxygenase
Cytokines - genetics
Cytokines - metabolism
Dinoprostone - metabolism
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Eicosapentaenoic acid
Eicosapentaenoic Acid - pharmacology
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - metabolism
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - pharmacology
Fish Proteins - genetics
Fish Proteins - metabolism
Gadus morhua
Gadus morhua - metabolism
Gene Expression Profiling
Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects
Head Kidney - metabolism
Interleukins
Leukocytes - metabolism
Marine
Mass Spectrometry
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases - metabolism
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Primary head kidney leukocytes from Atlantic cod were isolated to evaluate the use of arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid by cyclooxygenases and the production of prostaglandins E2 and E3. The expression of cyclooxygenase genes and selected interleukin genes like Interleukin 1β, Interleukin 6, interleukin 8 and interleukin 10 were monitored. Increasing concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in equal amounts increased cyclooxygenase2 transcription as well as cell secretion of prostaglandin E2. Even though the ratio of the two fatty acids was 1:1, the ratio between prostaglandin E2 and E3 was 50:1. The addition of arachidonic acid alone increased prostaglandin E2 secretion but did not induce cyclooxygenase2 transcription. However, when the concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid was increased, maintaining arachidonic acid constant, both prostaglandin E3 and prostaglandin E2 production was induced and the prostaglandin E2 production was higher than in cell cultures only added arachidonic acid. An up-regulation of cyclooxygenase2 transcription was also observed. The addition of the two fatty acids also affected the immune response by alteration of leukocytic cytokines gene expression. According to our results the Cyclooxygenase in cod seem to prefer arachidonic acid as substrate. Therefore, we suggest that the shift from marine oils (rich in n-3 fatty acids) to plant oils (higher in n-6 fatty acids) in the diet of commercially reared Atlantic cod could have negative effects on the whole organism through the increase in the production of prostaglandins belonging to those derived from n-6 fatty acids. ► CO2-enzymes prefer ARA to EPA in cultured head kidney cells from Atlantic cod. ► The preferential use of ARA gave a high production of PGE2. ► Increased fatty acid levels promoted an immune response in head kidney cells.
ISSN:1050-4648
1095-9947
DOI:10.1016/j.fsi.2012.11.044