Elite swimmers with and without unilateral shoulder pain: mechanical hyperalgesia and active/latent muscle trigger points in neck-shoulder muscles

Our aim was to investigate the presence of mechanical hypersensitivity and active trigger points (TrPs) in the neck–shoulder muscles in elite swimmers with/without unilateral shoulder pain. Seventeen elite swimmers with shoulder pain; 18 swimmers without shoulder pain; and 15 elite athletes matched...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2013-02, Vol.23 (1), p.66-73
Main Authors: Hidalgo-Lozano, A., Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C., Calderón-Soto, C., Domingo-Camara, A., Madeleine, P., Arroyo-Morales, M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Analysis of Variance
Athletes
Athletes (elite)
Biomechanical Phenomena
Case-Control Studies
Female
Humans
Hyperalgesia
Male
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology
Muscular system
Neck
Neck Pain - physiopathology
Pain management
Pain Threshold
pressure pain threshold
Shoulder
shoulder pain
Shoulder Pain - physiopathology
swimmers
Swimming
Swimming - injuries
Swimming - physiology
trigger points
Trigger Points - physiology
Young Adult
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Summary:Our aim was to investigate the presence of mechanical hypersensitivity and active trigger points (TrPs) in the neck–shoulder muscles in elite swimmers with/without unilateral shoulder pain. Seventeen elite swimmers with shoulder pain; 18 swimmers without shoulder pain; and 15 elite athletes matched controls were recruited. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were assessed over the levator scapulae, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, infraspinatus, scalene, subscapularis and tibialis anterior muscles. TrPs in the levator scapulae, upper trapezius, infraspinatus, scalene, sternocleidomastoid and subscapularis muscles were also explored. Swimmers with shoulder pain showed significant lower PPT in all muscles compared with controls (P
ISSN:0905-7188
1600-0838
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01331.x