Semi-Supervised Hashing for Large-Scale Search

Hashing-based approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in huge databases has become popular due to its computational and memory efficiency. The popular hashing methods, e.g., Locality Sensitive Hashing and Spectral Hashing, construct hash functions based on random or principal projections. The resu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 2012-12, Vol.34 (12), p.2393-2406
Main Authors: Jun Wang, Kumar, S., Shih-Fu Chang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Artificial neural networks
Binary codes
Computer science
control theory
systems
Encoding
Exact sciences and technology
Extraterrestrial measurements
Hashing
Information systems. Data bases
Memory organisation. Data processing
nearest neighbor search
pairwise labels
Semantics
semi-supervised hashing
Semisupervised learning
Sequential analysis
sequential hashing
Software
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Summary:Hashing-based approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in huge databases has become popular due to its computational and memory efficiency. The popular hashing methods, e.g., Locality Sensitive Hashing and Spectral Hashing, construct hash functions based on random or principal projections. The resulting hashes are either not very accurate or are inefficient. Moreover, these methods are designed for a given metric similarity. On the contrary, semantic similarity is usually given in terms of pairwise labels of samples. There exist supervised hashing methods that can handle such semantic similarity, but they are prone to overfitting when labeled data are small or noisy. In this work, we propose a semi-supervised hashing (SSH) framework that minimizes empirical error over the labeled set and an information theoretic regularizer over both labeled and unlabeled sets. Based on this framework, we present three different semi-supervised hashing methods, including orthogonal hashing, nonorthogonal hashing, and sequential hashing. Particularly, the sequential hashing method generates robust codes in which each hash function is designed to correct the errors made by the previous ones. We further show that the sequential learning paradigm can be extended to unsupervised domains where no labeled pairs are available. Extensive experiments on four large datasets (up to 80 million samples) demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed SSH methods over state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised hashing techniques.
ISSN:0162-8828
1939-3539
2160-9292
DOI:10.1109/TPAMI.2012.48