Genomic Mining for Novel FADH₂-Dependent Halogenases in Marine Sponge-Associated Microbial Consortia

Many marine sponges (Porifera) are known to contain large amounts of phylogenetically diverse microorganisms. Sponges are also known for their large arsenal of natural products, many of which are halogenated. In this study, 36 different FADH₂-dependent halogenase gene fragments were amplified from v...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2013-02, Vol.15 (1), p.63-72
Main Authors: Bayer, Kristina, Scheuermayer, Matthias, Fieseler, Lars, Hentschel, Ute
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Amino acids
Animals
Aquatic life
Base Sequence
Bayes Theorem
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biotechnology
clones
Consortia
Data Mining - methods
Design
DNA primers
DNA Primers - genetics
Engineering
Enzymes
Enzymes - genetics
Enzymes - metabolism
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide - analogs & derivatives
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide - genetics
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide - metabolism
France
Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Genes
Genomes
Genomics
Genomics - methods
Hydrocarbons, Halogenated - metabolism
Life Sciences
Metabolites
Metagenome - genetics
metagenomics
Microbiology
Microbiota
Microorganisms
Models, Genetic
Molecular Sequence Data
multigene family
multiple drug resistance
Natural products
open reading frames
Original Article
Phenols
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
polymerase chain reaction
Porifera
Porifera - microbiology
proteins
Sequence Alignment
sequence analysis
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Species Specificity
Studies
symbionts
Symbiosis
Zoology
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Summary:Many marine sponges (Porifera) are known to contain large amounts of phylogenetically diverse microorganisms. Sponges are also known for their large arsenal of natural products, many of which are halogenated. In this study, 36 different FADH₂-dependent halogenase gene fragments were amplified from various Caribbean and Mediterranean sponges using newly designed degenerate PCR primers. Four unique halogenase-positive fosmid clones, all containing the highly conserved amino acid motif “GxGxxG”, were identified in the microbial metagenome of Aplysina aerophoba. Sequence analysis of one halogenase-bearing fosmid revealed notably two open reading frames with high homologies to efflux and multidrug resistance proteins. Single cell genomic analysis allowed for a taxonomic assignment of the halogenase genes to specific symbiotic lineages. Specifically, the halogenase cluster S1 is predicted to be produced by a deltaproteobacterial symbiont and halogenase cluster S2 by a poribacterial sponge symbiont. An additional halogenase gene is possibly produced by an actinobacterial symbiont of marine sponges. The identification of three novel, phylogenetically, and possibly also functionally distinct halogenase gene clusters indicates that the microbial consortia of sponges are a valuable resource for novel enzymes involved in halogenation reactions.
ISSN:1436-2228
1436-2236
DOI:10.1007/s10126-012-9455-2