Biodegradable microparticles covalently linked to surface antigens of the scuticociliate parasite P. dicentrarchi promote innate immune responses in vitro

The histiophagous scuticociliate endoparasite Philasterides dicentrarchi is an emerging pathogen that infects the turbot Scophthalmus maximus and thus causes important economic losses in turbot aquaculture. This in vitro study investigated the adjuvant capacity of biodegradable microspheres (MS) com...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Fish & shellfish immunology 2013-01, Vol.34 (1), p.236-243
Main Authors: León-Rodríguez, L., Luzardo-Álvarez, A., Blanco-Méndez, J., Lamas, J., Leiro, J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvants
Adjuvants, Immunologic - metabolism
Animals
Antigens, Protozoan - immunology
Antigens, Protozoan - metabolism
Antigens, Surface - immunology
Antigens, Surface - metabolism
Aquaculture
Biodegradable microspheres
Ciliophora Infections - immunology
Ciliophora Infections - parasitology
Ciliophora Infections - veterinary
Fish Diseases - immunology
Fish Diseases - parasitology
Fish Proteins - metabolism
Flatfishes
Immunity, Innate
Innate immune response
Kidney - immunology
Leukocytes
Leukocytes - immunology
Macrophages - immunology
Membrane antigens
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning - veterinary
Microspheres
Nitric Oxide - metabolism
Oligohymenophorea - immunology
Phagocytosis - immunology
Proinflammatory cytokines
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Respiratory Burst
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary
Scuticociliates
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism
Turbot
Vaccines - immunology
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Summary:The histiophagous scuticociliate endoparasite Philasterides dicentrarchi is an emerging pathogen that infects the turbot Scophthalmus maximus and thus causes important economic losses in turbot aquaculture. This in vitro study investigated the adjuvant capacity of biodegradable microspheres (MS) composed of two polymers (chitosan and Gantrez®) covalently coupled to surface antigens (Ag) of P. dicentrarchi. The coupled MS–Ag significantly stimulated the phagocytic response of both murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) and leukocytes from the anterior kidney of turbot (HLK), at a level similar to that induced by zymosan A. The MS–Ag also significantly increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as shown by the increased O2 consumption and stimulation of the respiratory burst and nitric oxide production by murine and in particular by turbot HLK. The MS–Ag stimulated the production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) by murine and turbot HLK. The results confirm the high adjuvant capacity of biodegradable MS covalently bound to Ag as regards stimulating the innate immune response, and they justify the use of MS in the production of safe and effective vaccines against fish pathogens. ► Adjuvant capacity of microspheres (MS) coupled to surface antigens (Ag) of P. dicentrarchi was investigated. ► Phagocytic activity and ROS production was greatly enhanced by using MS–Ag. ► MS–Ag induces production of the immunomodulatory cytokine TNFα. ► MS shows a high adjuvant capacity able of stimulating the innate immune response in vitro.
ISSN:1050-4648
1095-9947
DOI:10.1016/j.fsi.2012.10.029