Adaptive reciprocity of lipid and glucose metabolism in human short-term starvation

The human organism has tools to cope with metabolic challenges like starvation that are crucial for survival. Lipolysis, lipid oxidation, ketone body synthesis, tailored endogenous glucose production and uptake, and decreased glucose oxidation serve to protect against excessive erosion of protein ma...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism 2012-12, Vol.303 (12), p.E1397-E1407
Main Authors: Soeters, Maarten R, Soeters, Peter B, Schooneman, Marieke G, Houten, Sander M, Romijn, Johannes A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation, Physiological
Adipose Tissue, White - metabolism
Glucose
Glucose - metabolism
Humans
Insulin Resistance
Lipid Metabolism
Lipids
Lipolysis
Liver - metabolism
Medical treatment
Metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Organ Specificity
Oxidation
Proteins
Severity of Illness Index
Starvation - metabolism
Starvation - physiopathology
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Summary:The human organism has tools to cope with metabolic challenges like starvation that are crucial for survival. Lipolysis, lipid oxidation, ketone body synthesis, tailored endogenous glucose production and uptake, and decreased glucose oxidation serve to protect against excessive erosion of protein mass, which is the predominant supplier of carbon chains for synthesis of newly formed glucose. The starvation response shows that the adaptation to energy deficit is very effective and coordinated with different adaptations in different organs. From an evolutionary perspective, this lipid-induced effect on glucose oxidation and uptake is very strong and may therefore help to understand why insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus is difficult to treat. The importance of reciprocity in lipid and glucose metabolism during human starvation should be taken into account when studying lipid and glucose metabolism in general and in pathophysiological conditions in particular.
ISSN:0193-1849
1522-1555
DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00397.2012