Cell-mediated non-allergic rhinitis in children

Abstract Objective Non-allergic rhinitis is a heterogeneous disease whose etiology is largely unknown. Nasal cytology only allows us to recognize different non-allergic rhinitis forms on the basis of the prevalent inflammatory cell infiltrate: non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophils, with neutrophils...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2012-12, Vol.76 (12), p.1741-1745
Main Authors: Maselli Del Giudice, Alessandro, Barbara, Michele, Russo, Giuseppe Maria, Fiocca Matthews, Emily, Cassano, Michele
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Age Distribution
Analysis of Variance
Child
Child, Preschool
Children
Chronic Disease
Cohort Studies
Cytodiagnosis - methods
Eosinophil
Eosinophils - cytology
Female
Humans
Incidence
Italy - epidemiology
Leukocyte Count
Male
Mast Cells - cytology
Mast-cells
Nasal Cavity - cytology
Nasal cytology
Nasal Lavage Fluid - cytology
Nasal Obstruction - epidemiology
Nasal Obstruction - etiology
Nasal Obstruction - pathology
Neutrophil
Non-allergic rhinitis
Otolaryngology
Pediatrics
Prognosis
Retrospective Studies
Rhinitis - complications
Rhinitis - diagnosis
Rhinitis - epidemiology
Rhinomanometry
Risk Assessment
Sex Distribution
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Summary:Abstract Objective Non-allergic rhinitis is a heterogeneous disease whose etiology is largely unknown. Nasal cytology only allows us to recognize different non-allergic rhinitis forms on the basis of the prevalent inflammatory cell infiltrate: non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophils, with neutrophils, with mast-cells and with both eosinophils and mast-cells. The aim of this study is to define the incidence, clinical features and comorbidity of the different types of cell-mediated non-allergic rhinitis in a pediatric age group. Methods One hundred and fourteen non-allergic children with chronic nasal obstruction and associated symptoms (rhinorrhea, sneezing and nasal itchiness) were retrospectively selected. All patients had been submitted to a clinical history, pediatric evaluation, anterior rhinoscopy and fiberendoscopy, rhinomanometry and nasal cytology. Results Non-allergic rhinitis with neutrophils was present in 46 (40.4%) children, non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophils in 53 (46.5%), non-allergic rhinitis with mast-cells in 12 (10.5%) and non-allergic rhinitis with both eosinophils and mast-cells in 3 (2.6%). Nasal obstruction was prevalent in non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophils and in non-allergic rhinitis with mast-cells patients ( P < 0.001) whereas rhinorrea and sneezing only in the form with eosinophils ( P < 0.0001). Nasal itching on the other hand was prevalent in the form with mast-cells ( P < 0.0003). Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophils group showed a higher probability of asthma ( P < 0.02) and respiratory sleep disorders ( P < 0.04). Conclusions In the pediatric age group the most frequent forms of non-allergic rhinitis are those with eosinophils or with neutrophils. A diagnosis of non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophils in children presumes more severe symptoms and a higher incidence of pulmonary disease and roncopathy.
ISSN:0165-5876
1872-8464
DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.08.013