Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties of Prunus padus

Prunus padus Linne has been widely used as a traditional medicine, with beneficial effects in numerous diseases, including stroke, neuralgia and hepatitis. In this study, we demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of the methylene chloride fraction of P. padus (MPP). In vitro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of ethnopharmacology 2012-11, Vol.144 (2), p.379-386
Main Authors: Choi, Jae Hyuk, Cha, Dong Seok, Jeon, Hoon
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetic Acid
agonists
analgesic effect
analgesics
Analgesics - therapeutic use
Animals
antagonists
Anti-inflammatory
anti-inflammatory activity
Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use
Anti-nociceptive
chronic diseases
Cyclooxygenase 2 - metabolism
edema
Edema - chemically induced
Edema - drug therapy
enzyme activity
Formaldehyde
formalin
hepatitis
Hot Temperature
in vitro studies
in vivo studies
indomethacin
macrophages
Macrophages, Peritoneal - drug effects
Macrophages, Peritoneal - metabolism
methylene chloride
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Inbred ICR
naloxone
NF-kappa B - metabolism
nitric oxide
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - metabolism
Nitrites - metabolism
nociception
pain
Pain - drug therapy
Pain - etiology
Phytotherapy
Plant Extracts - therapeutic use
Plant Stems
pretreatment
Prunus
Prunus padus
stroke
tail
traditional medicine
Trypsin
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Summary:Prunus padus Linne has been widely used as a traditional medicine, with beneficial effects in numerous diseases, including stroke, neuralgia and hepatitis. In this study, we demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of the methylene chloride fraction of P. padus (MPP). In vitro studies, the anti-inflammatory effects of MPP were examined using IFN-γ/LPS-activated murine peritoneal macrophage model. To confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of MPP in vivo, trypsin-induced paw edema test was also conducted. The anti-nociceptive activities of MPP were measured using various experimental pain models including thermal nociception methods such as the tail immersion test and the hot plate test as well as chemical nociception methods like acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin test. To determine whether analgesic activity of MPP is connected with the opioid receptor, we carried out combination test with naloxone, a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist. In the current study, MPP showed potent inhibitory effect on IFN-γ/LPS-induced NO production. MPP also suppressed not only iNOS enzyme activity but also iNOS expression. Moreover, MPP inhibited COX-2 expression dose dependently. IFN-γ/LPS stimulation induced the translocation of NF-κB to nucleus but it was attenuated in the presence of MPP. In vivo study revealed that MPP could reduce paw volume after subplantar injection of trypsin. In addition, MPP showed potent analgesic activities both thermal and chemical nociception compared to tramadol and indomethacin. Furthermore, pre-treatment of naloxone slightly suppress the analgesic activity of MPP indicating that MPP acts as a partial opioid receptor agonist. In the present study, MPP showed potent anti-inflammatory properties through not only by suppressing various inflammatory mediators in vitro, but reducing the inflammatory edema in vivo. MPP also exhibited strong anti-nociceptive activities via both central and peripheral mechanism by acting as a partial opioid agonist. Based on these results we suggest that P. padus has the potential to provide a therapeutic approach to inflammation-mediated chronic diseases as an effective anti-inflammatory agent and painkiller. The methanolic extract of the stem of Prunus padus has significant inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory mediators including NO, iNOS and COX-2 via the down regulation of NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. In addition, this plant also exhibited potent anti-nociceptive act
ISSN:0378-8741
1872-7573
DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.023