Antitumor activity of mushroom polysaccharides: a review

Mushrooms were considered as a special delicacy by early civilizations and valued as a credible source of nutrients including considerable amounts of dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins (in particularly, vitamin D). Mushrooms are also recognized as functional foods for their bioactive compounds of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food & function 2012-11, Vol.3 (11), p.1118-1130
Main Authors: Ren, Lu, Perera, Conrad, Hemar, Yacine
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvants, Immunologic - pharmacology
Agaricales - chemistry
Antineoplastic Agents
beta-Glucans - chemistry
beta-Glucans - pharmacology
Humans
Immunologic Factors
Lectins, C-Type - drug effects
Lectins, C-Type - physiology
Lentinan
Polysaccharides - chemistry
Polysaccharides - pharmacology
Proteoglycans
Sizofiran
Structure-Activity Relationship
Toll-Like Receptor 2 - drug effects
Toll-Like Receptor 2 - physiology
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Summary:Mushrooms were considered as a special delicacy by early civilizations and valued as a credible source of nutrients including considerable amounts of dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins (in particularly, vitamin D). Mushrooms are also recognized as functional foods for their bioactive compounds offer huge beneficial impacts on human health. One of those potent bioactives is β-glucan, comprising a backbone of glucose residues linked by β-(1→3)-glycosidic bonds with attached β-(1→6) branch points, which exhibits antitumor and immunostimulating properties. The commercial pharmaceutical products from this polysaccharide source, such as schizophyllan, lentinan, grifolan, PSP (polysaccharide-peptide complex) and PSK (polysaccharide-protein complex), have shown evident clinical results. The immunomodulating action of mushroom polysaccharides is to stimulate natural killer cells, T-cells, B-cells, neutrophils, and macrophage dependent immune system responses via differing receptors involving dectin-1, the toll-like receptor-2 (a class of proteins that play a role in the immune system), scavengers and lactosylceramides. β-Glucans with various structures present distinct affinities toward these receptors to trigger different host responses. Basically, their antitumor abilities are influenced by the molecular mass, branching configuration, conformation, and chemical modification of the polysaccharides. This review aims to integrate the information regarding nutritional, chemical and biological aspects of polysaccharides in mushrooms, which will possibly be employed to elucidate the correlation between their structural features and biological functions.
ISSN:2042-6496
2042-650X
DOI:10.1039/c2fo10279j