Measuring Energetic Contaminant Deposition Rates on Snow

Energetic residues from military live-fire training will accumulate on ranges and lead to the contamination of soil and water. Characterizing surface soils for energetic contamination has been conducted extensively in the past. However, deriving mass deposition rates on soils for specific munition-r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 2012-09, Vol.223 (7), p.3689-3699
Main Authors: Walsh, Michael R., Walsh, Marianne E., Ramsey, Charles A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Burns
Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts
Contaminants
Contamination
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental monitoring
Explosives
Hydrogeology
Laboratories
Measurement
Military bases
Military supplies
Military training
Quality assurance
Residues
Sampling
Snow
Soil contamination
Soil pollution
Soil Science & Conservation
Soil surfaces
Studies
Water pollution
Water Quality/Water Pollution
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Summary:Energetic residues from military live-fire training will accumulate on ranges and lead to the contamination of soil and water. Characterizing surface soils for energetic contamination has been conducted extensively in the past. However, deriving mass deposition rates on soils for specific munition-related activities, necessary for determining the cumulative impact of these activities and developing range sustainability models, has been problematic. Factors include determining the energetic residues deposition area, discriminating current deposition from previous activities, separating the residues from the collection matrix, and processing the samples. To circumvent these problems, methods were developed for sampling energetic residues on clean snow surfaces. At firing points, a clean snow surface allows the collection of propellant residues from a known quantity and type of munition. Explosives residues from projectile detonations can be sampled from clean snow- and ice-covered surfaces in active impact areas. Sampling protocols have been optimized and quality assurance procedures have been developed during years of research on munition residues deposition rates. These methods are currently being used in the US, Canada, and Norway for both energetics and metal contaminants with other applications under consideration. This paper describes the current sampling protocol for clean snow surfaces and presents examples of its application.
ISSN:0049-6979
1573-2932
DOI:10.1007/s11270-012-1141-5