Pig Ascaris: An important source of human ascariasis in China

► Cross infection/hybridization was found in all six sampled provinces in China. ► Most of cross infection/hybridization were detected in humans rather than in pigs. ► Cross infection/hybridization differs among worm categories of genotypes. ► More cross infection/hybridization was detected in south...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Infection, genetics and evolution genetics and evolution, 2012-08, Vol.12 (6), p.1172-1177
Main Authors: Zhou, Chunhua, Li, Min, Yuan, Keng, Deng, Shoulong, Peng, Weidong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Ascariasis
Ascariasis - epidemiology
Ascariasis - parasitology
Ascariasis - transmission
Ascariasis - veterinary
Ascaris
Ascaris - classification
Ascaris - genetics
Biological and medical sciences
China
China - epidemiology
computer software
control methods
Control program
Cross infection
Diseases caused by nematodes
Epidemiology. Vaccinations
evolution
General aspects
genotype
Helminthic diseases
human diseases
Humans
Hybridization
Hybridization, Genetic
hybrids
Infectious diseases
Medical sciences
Microsatellite Repeats
Microsatellites
molecular epidemiology
Parasitic diseases
people
public health
purebreds
swine
Swine - parasitology
Swine Diseases - epidemiology
Swine Diseases - parasitology
Zoonoses - epidemiology
Zoonoses - parasitology
Zoonoses - transmission
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Summary:► Cross infection/hybridization was found in all six sampled provinces in China. ► Most of cross infection/hybridization were detected in humans rather than in pigs. ► Cross infection/hybridization differs among worm categories of genotypes. ► More cross infection/hybridization was detected in south than in north of China. The aim of the present study is to detect the frequency and distribution of cross infection and hybridization of human and pig Ascaris in China. Twenty high polymorphic microsatellite loci were selected to screen 258 Ascaris worms from humans and pigs from six provinces in China. The software programs Structure, Baps and Newhybrids were used to determine the case of cross infection and hybridization of human and pig Ascaris. Results showed that cross infection was detected in all sampled locations and of the total 20 cross infection cases, 19 were indentified as human infections by pure-bred pig type Ascaris in contrast to only one case of pig infection by pure-bred human type Ascaris. Similar to the findings in cross infection, hybrid Ascaris was also detected in all locations and both host species and most of hybrids (95%) were detected from human host. The distribution of cross infection and hybrids showed significant difference between the two host species and among three categories of genotype in terms of G1, G2 and G3, and also between the south and north regions (for hybrids only). The results strongly suggest pig Ascaris as an important source of human ascariasis in endemic area where both human and pig Ascaris exist. In consideration of current control measures for human ascariasis targeting only infected people, it is urgently needed to revise current control measures by adding a simultaneous treatment to infected pigs in the sympatric endemics. The knowledge on cross transmission and hybridization between human and pig Ascaris is important not only for public health, but also for the understanding of genetic evolution, taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of Ascaris.
ISSN:1567-1348
1567-7257
DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2012.04.016