60-GHz Four-Element Phased-Array Transmit/Receive System-in-Package Using Phase Compensation Techniques in 65-nm Flip-Chip CMOS Process

AThe 60-GHz four-element phased-array transmit/receive (TX/RX) system-in-package antenna modules with phase-compensated techniques in 65-nm CMOS technology are presented. The design is based on the all-RF architecture with 4-bit RF switched LC phase shifters, phase compensated variable gain amplifie...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques 2012-03, Vol.60 (3), p.743-756
Main Authors: Jing-Lin Kuo, Yi-Fong Lu, Ting-Yi Huang, Yi-Long Chang, Yi-Keng Hsieh, Pen-Jui Peng, I-Chih Chang, Tzung-Chuen Tsai, Kun-Yao Kao, Wei-Yuan Hsiung, Wang, J., Hsu, Y. A., Kun-You Lin, Hsin-Chia Lu, Yi-Cheng Lin, Liang-Hung Lu, Tian-Wei Huang, Ruey-Beei Wu, Huei Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
60 GHz
Amplifiers
Antennas
Arrays
Beam steering
Beamforming
Channels
CMOS
Digital control
flip-chip
Gain
Integrated circuits
Modules
Noise levels
Phase shifters
phase-compensated techniques
phased array
Phased arrays
Power dividers
Semiconductors
Switches
system-in-package (SiP)
Transmitters
variable gain amplifier (VGA)
wireless communication
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Description
Summary:AThe 60-GHz four-element phased-array transmit/receive (TX/RX) system-in-package antenna modules with phase-compensated techniques in 65-nm CMOS technology are presented. The design is based on the all-RF architecture with 4-bit RF switched LC phase shifters, phase compensated variable gain amplifier (VGA), 4:1 Wilkinson power combining/dividing network, variable-gain low-noise amplifier, power amplifier, 6-bit unary digital-to-analog converter, bias circuit, electrostatic discharge protection, and digital control interface (DCI). The 2 × 2 TX/RX phased arrays have been packaged with four antennas in low-temperature co-fired ceramic modules through flip-chip bonding and underfill process, and phased-array beam steering have been demonstrated. The entire beam-steering functions are digitally controllable, and individual registers are integrated at each front-end to enable beam steering through the DCI. The four-element TX array results in an output of 5 dBm per channel. The four-element RX array results in an average gain of 25 dB per channel. The four-element array consumes 400 mW in TX and 180 mW in RX and occupies an area of 3.74 mm 2 in the TX integrated circuit (IC) and 4.18 mm 2 in the RX IC. The beam-steering measurement results show acceptable agreement of the synthesized and measured array pattern.
ISSN:0018-9480
1557-9670
DOI:10.1109/TMTT.2011.2176508