Evaluation of neonicotinoid, organophosphate and avermectin trunk injections for the management of avocado thrips in California avocado groves

BACKGROUND: Trunk injections of systemic insecticides were evaluated for the management of avocado thrips. Insecticide residues were quantified in leaves to determine when after treatment, and for how long, toxic concentrations of the insecticides were present. Residues in fruit were quantified to d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pest management science 2012-05, Vol.68 (5), p.811-817
Main Authors: Byrne, Frank J, Urena, Anthony A, Robinson, Lindsay J, Krieger, Robert I, Doccola, Joe, Morse, Joseph G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acephate
Animals
avermectin
avocado thrips
Bioassays
Biological and medical sciences
Control
dinotefuran
Fruits
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Guanidines - pharmacology
imidacloprid
Imidazoles - pharmacology
Insect control
Insect Control - methods
Insecticides
Insecticides - pharmacology
Insects
integrated pest control
Ivermectin - analogs & derivatives
Ivermectin - pharmacology
Neonicotinoids
Nitro Compounds - pharmacology
Organophosphates - pharmacology
Persea - parasitology
Persea americana
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
Plant Diseases - parasitology
Plant Diseases - prevention & control
Plant Stems - parasitology
Protozoa. Invertebrates
Scirtothrips perseae
systemic insecticide
Thysanoptera - drug effects
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Summary:BACKGROUND: Trunk injections of systemic insecticides were evaluated for the management of avocado thrips. Insecticide residues were quantified in leaves to determine when after treatment, and for how long, toxic concentrations of the insecticides were present. Residues in fruit were quantified to determine whether trunk injection of insecticides might present a greater risk than traditional application methods for contaminating fruit. RESULTS: Residues of imidacloprid and dinotefuran were at least tenfold higher in leaves when trees were treated via trunk injection compared with soil application. Dinotefuran uptake was more rapid than imidacloprid, and no residues were detected within fruit. Acephate was also mobilized very rapidly and gave good control of thrips in bioassays; however, residues of acephate and its insecticidal metabolite methamidophos were detected in the fruit for up to 4 weeks after injection. Avermectin uptake was very slow, and it was ineffective against avocado thrips. CONCLUSIONS: Trunk injections of acephate and dinotefuran permitted rapid uptake into avocados, and they are strong candidates as control methods for avocado thrips. However, residues of organophosphates in fruit could necessitate increased preharvest intervals. Residues of neonicotinoids were below detection limits in fruit, suggesting that neonicotinoids may be the more suitable control option of the two chemical classes. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
ISSN:1526-498X
1526-4998
DOI:10.1002/ps.2337