Effects of predator cues on pesticide toxicity: Toward an understanding of the mechanism of the interaction

Pesticide toxicity may be modified by a number of co‐occurring environmental and ecological stressors. Coexposure to predator cues has been shown to potentiate and/or synergize toxicity of pesticides. However, the mechanisms behind these interactions are not well understood. Here we examine the effe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2011-08, Vol.30 (8), p.1926-1934
Main Authors: Qin, Guangqiu, Presley, Steven M., Anderson, Todd A., Gao, Weimin, Maul, Jonathan D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Ceriodaphnia dubia
Cues
Daphnia
Drug Interactions
Ecosystem
Fish
Fresh Water - chemistry
Malathion - chemistry
Malathion - toxicity
Mixture effects
Multiple stressors
Neonicotinoids
Nonadditive interactions
Organic contaminants
Perciformes
Pesticides
Pesticides - chemistry
Pesticides - toxicity
Pheromones - chemistry
Predation
Predator cues
Predatory Behavior - drug effects
Pyrazoles - chemistry
Pyrazoles - toxicity
Pyrethrins - chemistry
Pyrethrins - toxicity
Pyridines - chemistry
Pyridines - toxicity
Stress, Physiological
Thiazines - chemistry
Thiazines - toxicity
Toxicity
Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
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Summary:Pesticide toxicity may be modified by a number of co‐occurring environmental and ecological stressors. Coexposure to predator cues has been shown to potentiate and/or synergize toxicity of pesticides. However, the mechanisms behind these interactions are not well understood. Here we examine the effects of fish predator (bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus) cues on toxicity of five different pesticides to the freshwater cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia. The purpose for examining patterns among pesticides was to test the idea that the mechanism of the interaction could be explained by a general stress response; that is, the interaction patterns would be similar regardless of the pesticide's mechanism of action [MOA]). Acute 96‐h concentration–response experiments were conducted for pesticides with and without fish cues. Predator cues influenced the toxicity of pesticides and the interaction patterns varied among pesticides. Fipronil exhibited a synergistic interaction, while predator cues interacted antagonistically for bifenthrin and thiacloprid. Other compounds previously reported to potentiate toxicity (malathion) were found to act additively. The results demonstrate that factors such as pesticide bioavailability, KOC, and exposure concentration may be important for predicting the occurrence of these interactions and that patterns were not consistent among pesticides varying in MOA. Predator stress is an important component for structuring communities and ecosystem processes. Fully understanding how this process may interact with organic contaminants may best be achieved by examination at toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic scales. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1926–1934. © 2011 SETAC
ISSN:0730-7268
1552-8618
DOI:10.1002/etc.575