Toxicological insight of magnetite nanogel: neuro-ethological, hepato-renal, antioxidant, and histopathological traits in Clarias gariepinus

Assessment of acute toxicity of magnetic nanogel (MNG) is crucial to conclude the safe applicable dose and to warrant its application in aquaculture. Therefore, the current study is a novel step to assess behavior, neuro-stress response, hepato-renal, oxidative, and histopathological variations prod...

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Published in:Aquaculture international 2024-10, Vol.32 (5), p.6079-6095
Main Authors: Kamel, Samar, Ahmed, Shaimaa A. A., Elsayyad, Asmaa, Abdelwarith, Abdelwahab A., Younis, Elsayed M., Shaalan, Mohamed, Gaballa, Mohamed M. S., Mahboub, Heba H., Khamis, Tarek, Ismail, Sameh H., Davies, Simon J., Hassan, Zeinab
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute toxicity
Alanine
Aquaculture
Aquaculture practices
Biological stress
Biomarkers
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Clarias gariepinus
Fish
Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Histopathology
Hormones
Lethal limits
Life Sciences
Magnetite
Mortality causes
Oxidative stress
Self purification
Toxicity
Toxicity tests
Urea
Zoology
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Summary:Assessment of acute toxicity of magnetic nanogel (MNG) is crucial to conclude the safe applicable dose and to warrant its application in aquaculture. Therefore, the current study is a novel step to assess behavior, neuro-stress response, hepato-renal, oxidative, and histopathological variations produced by MNG’ acute toxicity in Clarias gariepinus . Two experiments were conducted: the first was a determination of the 96-h lethal concentration 50 (LC 50 ) of MNG in C. gariepinus . Meanwhile, the second was an assessment of the toxicological impacts of three different concentrations of MNG in C. gariepinus following a 10-day exposure period and a subsequent 10-day depuration trial. One hundred and eighty fish were allotted to four groups exposed to 0, 1/10, 1/8, or 1/5 96-h LC 50 of MNG. The outcomes exhibited that 96-h LC 50 of MNG for C. gariepinus was 44 mg/L. The subjected group to MNG induced a concentration-dependent elevation in the serum values of cortisol, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, urea, and creatinine following MNG exposure. Marked elevation in the oxidative stress indicators (catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase activity (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) was also evident. Meanwhile, the value of the neurological biomarker, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), was markedly reduced in a concentration-dependent way. These biochemical changes were complemented by pathological alterations in the hepato-renal architecture. Interestingly, in response to the 10-day depuration period, most of the tested parameters were eliminated in C. gariepinus exposed to 1/10 of LC 50 . Conclusively, MNG can induce numerous adverse effects only at higher doses (1/5 and 1/8 of LC 50 ). Meanwhile, the lowest tested concentration of MNG (1/10 of LC 50 ) was safe for application in aquaculture practices with only mild disruptions in the bio-indices. In addition, a retrieval period of 10 days was sufficient to renovate these alterations only in fish exposed to the same concentration.
ISSN:0967-6120
1573-143X
DOI:10.1007/s10499-024-01456-w