Benzene layer-aligned electrochemical transformation of SWCNTs to redox-active macro-walled CNTs: enabling oxygen interference-free monitoring of ROS release from HeLa cancer cells

The search for novel carbon allotropes with unique electrochemical properties remains a key area of research in materials science. Here, we introduce a novel carbon nanotube material termed macro-walled CNTs, synthesized through an in situ benzene (BZ) electrochemical reaction on a glassy carbon ele...

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Published in:Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices Materials for optical and electronic devices, 2024-08, Vol.12 (31), p.11885-11897
Main Authors: Srinivas, Sakthivel, Sivakumar, Nisha, Sekar, Mouliganesh, Thirumurugan, Kavitha, Senthil Kumar, Annamalai
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allotropy
Benzene
Cancer
Carbon
Chemical reactions
Chemical reduction
Chemical synthesis
Dissolved oxygen
Electrochemical analysis
Electrodes
Electrolytic cells
Glassy carbon
Hydrocarbons
Hydrogen peroxide
Monitoring
Multilayers
Peroxidase
Raman spectroscopy
Silver chloride
Single wall carbon nanotubes
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Summary:The search for novel carbon allotropes with unique electrochemical properties remains a key area of research in materials science. Here, we introduce a novel carbon nanotube material termed macro-walled CNTs, synthesized through an in situ benzene (BZ) electrochemical reaction on a glassy carbon electrode modified with single-walled carbon nanotubes (GCE/SWCNTs) in a pH 2 KCl–HCl electrolyte solution. The modified electrode, denoted as GCE/SWCNT@BZ-Redox (where BZ-Redox represents redox-active benzene species), exhibited a well-defined redox peak at E °′ = 150 ± 10 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, along with a surface excess value of 5.1 nmol cm −2 . The physicochemical characterization of SWCNT@BZ-Redox, conducted using TEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and various electrochemical methods including scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) imaging, revealed a significant modification involving highly redox-active benzene multilayers with a diameter of approximately ∼200 nm, which is about 10 times larger than that of pristine SWCNTs (∼10–15 nm). Of particular interest is the stability of the redox peak under physiological pH conditions, as well as its ability to mediate hydrogen peroxide reduction reactions at a potential of −0.25 V vs. Ag/AgCl, akin to the reaction catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase enzymatic systems. For practical applications, continuous monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically H 2 O 2 release kinetics from stressed HeLa cancer cells under simulated conditions, without any dissolved oxygen interference, was demonstrated using a home-made bath-injection analysis system coupled with a screen-printed electrode modified with SWCNT@BZ-Redox as a detector.
ISSN:2050-7526
2050-7534
DOI:10.1039/D4TC01653J