Molecular dynamics study of free volume coalescence around nonyl ethoxylate in polyethylene with vinyl acetate‐modified branches

Polyethylene (PE) is susceptible to environmental stress cracking (ESC). In the presence of an amphiphilic compound and subjected to stress, ESC starts with cavitation followed by slow crack growth and ends with brittle fracture. In this study, we used molecular dynamics simulation to study how bran...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polymer engineering and science 2024-08, Vol.64 (8), p.3716-3729
Main Authors: Kavyani, Sajjad, Soares, João B. P., Choi, Phillip
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cavitation
coalescence dynamics
Copolymers
Crack propagation
Distribution functions
environmental stress cracking
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene vinyl acetates
free volume
Hydrophilicity
Molecular dynamics
Polyethylene
Polyethylenes
Radial distribution
Segments
Stress cracking
vinyl acetate branch ends
Citations: Items that this one cites
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Polyethylene (PE) is susceptible to environmental stress cracking (ESC). In the presence of an amphiphilic compound and subjected to stress, ESC starts with cavitation followed by slow crack growth and ends with brittle fracture. In this study, we used molecular dynamics simulation to study how branch ends which were chemically modified with vinyl acetate groups affect free volume coalescence around an amphiphilic compound, nonyl ethoxylate (NE), dispersed in branched PE models. Branch ends modified with vinyl acetate significantly impact the free volume coalescence dynamics around NE. Compared with methyl branch ends, vinyl acetate branch ends show a much higher affinity, as quantified by the corresponding radial distribution functions, for the hydrophilic ethylene oxide‐segment of NE. However, this is not the case for the hydrophobic ethylene‐segment. Interestingly, vinyl acetate branch ends tend to reduce the power (amplitude) of the free volume size fluctuations around both the ethylene oxide‐ and ethylene‐segments. Indeed, the powers of the fluctuations with different PE branching characteristics decrease with increasing vinyl acetate concentration. We believe that free volume coalescence leads to cavitation and that vinyl acetate branches could inhibit cavitation, thereby crack propagation in PE. The power results seem to be consistent with the experimental observation that the addition of copolymer ethylene vinyl acetate to low‐density polyethylene improves the ESC resistance of the blend. Highlights Vinyl acetate branches reduce free volume coalescence activities. Vinyl acetate branches are attracted to the hydrophilic segment of NE. Cavitation likely starts from the free volume coalescence around NE. Free volume coalescence power around nonyl ethoxylate in the presence of vinyl acetate branch ends.
ISSN:0032-3888
1548-2634
DOI:10.1002/pen.26807