Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from aqueous solutions by nanofiltration and activated carbon

This research deals with the elimination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from aqueous solutions by nanofiltration membrane and activated carbon (AC) synthesized from Elaeagnus angustifolia to identify the most effective and sustainable treatment technique. To optimize the adsorption operat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomass conversion and biorefinery 2024-07, Vol.14 (14), p.15689-15704
Main Authors: Boumaraf, Roumaissa, Khettaf, Sami, Benmahdi, Fatiha, Masmoudi, Rida, Ferhati, Azedine
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activated carbon
Adsorption
Aqueous solutions
Biotechnology
Contact pressure
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Energy
Flow velocity
Isotherms
Nanofiltration
Original Article
Parameter identification
Renewable and Green Energy
Stirring
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Summary:This research deals with the elimination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from aqueous solutions by nanofiltration membrane and activated carbon (AC) synthesized from Elaeagnus angustifolia to identify the most effective and sustainable treatment technique. To optimize the adsorption operating parameters, the AC dose, contact time, stirring speed, and initial pH were investigated, and the obtained results were modeled by examining isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics. To optimize the nanofiltration treatment, recirculation flow rate, initial pH, initial concentration of 2,4-D, and presence of monovalent and divalent salts were examined. It was found that 2,4-D can be successfully eliminated by AC with a removal efficiency of 96%, an AC dose equal to 0.5 g L −1 , a stirring speed of 300 rpm, and a contact time of 90 min. Moreover, the adsorption process fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order models. On the other hand, the nanofiltration treatment shows a high removal efficiency of 97% with a recirculation flow rate of 750 mL min −1 , under a transmembrane pressure equal to 6 bar. By comparing the two processes applied in this work, it is clear that nanofiltration is the most suitable treatment technique. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:2190-6815
2190-6823
DOI:10.1007/s13399-022-03631-6