Spatial Variability of Potassium and Agricultural Productivity in Sandy Loam Soil with Rock Dust under Functional Diversity in the Brazilian Cerrado

Crop productivity is limited by low levels of potassium (K), a problem that could be reduced in diversified production systems, especially when spatial variability is considered in agronomic management. The K status of sandy loam soil treated with silicatic–K rock dust (remineralizer–K), under funct...

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Published in:Journal of soil science and plant nutrition 2024-06, Vol.24 (2), p.3441-3458
Main Authors: Nogueira, Bruna Karolayne Andrade, Silva, Laércio Santos, Gasques, Letícia Rosa, Davi, João Eduardo Alves, de Figueiredo, Raisa Fagundes, de Azevedo, Antônio Carlos, da Costa, Antonio Carlos Saraiva, da Silva, Izabela Aline Gomes, Tiecher, Tales, Pacheco, Leandro Pereira, de Souza, Edicarlos Damacena
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural production
Agriculture
Availability
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Cotton
Crop production
Crop yield
Crops
Dietary minerals
Dust
Ecology
Environment
Harvest
Life Sciences
Livestock
Loam
Loam soils
Mineral reserves
Mineralogy
Original Paper
Plant Sciences
Potassium
Productivity
Rocks
Sandy loam
Sandy soils
Soil improvement
Soil investigations
Soil mineralogy
Soil Science & Conservation
Soil treatment
Soybeans
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Summary:Crop productivity is limited by low levels of potassium (K), a problem that could be reduced in diversified production systems, especially when spatial variability is considered in agronomic management. The K status of sandy loam soil treated with silicatic–K rock dust (remineralizer–K), under functional diversity and its impact on spatial variability and productivity of soybean and cotton was investigated in the Cerrado biome of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Quantification of soil for K availability (K–available), potentially available (Kp–available), not available (Kn–available) and total (total K) was performed, as well as the characterization of the remineralizer–K and soil mineralogy. The crop productivity was measured under the functional diversities: (1) very low (VL), (2) low (LW), (3) medium (AVG), (4) medium–long term (AVL) and (5) high (Integrated Crop Livestock System– ICLS). The K balance was accounted from K inputs/outputs in the systems. The levels of total K (6710–8210 mg kg –1 ), Kn–disp (6419–8107 mg dm –3 ), Kp–disp (83–291 mg dm –3 ) were not significantly influenced by the increase in functional diversity. There was a reduction of up to 70% in the K-available with increasing diversity, but the positive K balance in ICLS meant gains in soybean yield (+ 27%) and cotton (+ 156%) as compared to the VL. K showed spatial variability, with K-available being more affected by management. The results indicate that K cycling increases with functional diversity, but not enough to alter the total K reserve during the time span of the experiment. The soybeans and cotton crops represented 46% of the total K exported in ICLS, while animal grazing exported only 0.1%. Therefore, ICLS enables efficient K management and improvements in crop productivity in sandy loam soil.
ISSN:0718-9508
0718-9516
DOI:10.1007/s42729-024-01766-1