Low-Head Hydraulic Structures in Irrigation and Drainage Engineering: Challenging Operation and Design Implications

AbstractIrrigation and drainage engineering encompasses the human-made supply of water as well as the artificial drainage of excess water. A basic feature of many historical and modern irrigation and drainage systems has been the integrated use of hydraulic structures, most often low-head structures...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering 2024-10, Vol.150 (5)
Main Author: Chanson, Hubert
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Baffles
Design
Design flow
Design optimization
Drainage
Drainage engineering
Drainage systems
Energy dissipation
Energy exchange
Energy loss
Energy losses
Excess water
Fish
Flow control
Hydraulic structures
Hydraulics
Irrigation
Irrigation systems
State-of-the-Art Review
State-of-the-Art Reviews
Water storage
Water supply
Weirs
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Summary:AbstractIrrigation and drainage engineering encompasses the human-made supply of water as well as the artificial drainage of excess water. A basic feature of many historical and modern irrigation and drainage systems has been the integrated use of hydraulic structures, most often low-head structures. These structures play a key role in water storage, conveyance, flow control and measurement, and energy dissipation. Yet, most systems are often designed assuming relatively simplistic design flow conditions. In this contribution, a number of relevant key challenges for hydraulic structures used in irrigation and drainage systems are discussed, using the operation of minimum energy loss weirs, the nonlinear behaviors of circular-crested weirs and the instabilities in fish-friendly box culverts equipped with sidewall baffles as examples. Altogether, the design approach of many hydraulic structures needs a rethink, far beyond the naive optimization for simplistic design flow conditions, with a greater focus on the safe and efficient operation across a broad range of less-than-design discharges, to be embedded in the design optimization approach.
ISSN:0733-9437
1943-4774
DOI:10.1061/JIDEDH.IRENG-10288