Effect of the AuNPs@amox system on antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Antibacterial resistance has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality, leading to increased costs due to prolonged hospitalization. In this study, we report the synthesis of amoxicillin-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs@amox) through the chemical reduction of [0.01 M] HAuCl4 w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology 2024-06, Vol.26 (6), p.136, Article 136
Main Authors: Balderrama-González, Andrea-Sarahí, Piñón-Castillo, Hilda-Amelia, Ramírez-Valdespino, Claudia-Adriana, Reyes-Martínez, Reyna, Esparza-Ponce, Hilda-Esperanza
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acinetobacter baumannii
Amides
Amoxicillin
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics
Bacteria
Biofilms
Cell walls
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemical reduction
Chemistry and Materials Science
Drug resistance
Gold
Inorganic Chemistry
Internalization
Lasers
Low concentrations
Lysis
Materials Science
Methicillin
Molecular structure
Morbidity
Multidrug resistance
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Optical Devices
Optics
Photoelectron spectroscopy
Photoelectrons
Photonics
Physical Chemistry
Side effects
Staphylococcus aureus
Sulfur
X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Zeta potential
β-Lactam antibiotics
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Summary:Antibacterial resistance has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality, leading to increased costs due to prolonged hospitalization. In this study, we report the synthesis of amoxicillin-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs@amox) through the chemical reduction of [0.01 M] HAuCl4 with [0.001 M] of amoxicillin in a single step. Amoxicillin, a β-lactam antibiotic can reduce to Au 0 through the protonated amino group present in its molecular structure. Multidrug-resistant bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii were used. Both were isolated from clinical samples and were resistant to Amoxicillin, so it was chosen for functionalization to evaluate its effect on the resistant bacteria. It was obtaining AuNPs@amox with a bimodal size of 9 ± 2 nm, smaller ones of 1 ± 0.6 nm, and amoxicillin loading of 27.5% on their surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed an electrostatic bond between sulfur and the amino group of the antibiotic. Colloidal stability was evaluated through zeta potential and hydrodynamic diameter in trypticase soy broth (0.5X), resulting in -14.1 mV and 138 ± 10 nm, respectively. The AuNPS@amox exhibits antibacterial properties against the resistant strains Acinetobacter baumannii and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), inhibiting up to 77% and 80%, respectively. Upon internalization of AuNPs@amox into the cell, it induces ruptures in the cell wall, leading to cell lysis. It also disrupted the production of biofilms at 10 µg/mL. This work aims to contribute to developing a system that improves drug transport in resistant bacteria—generating high inhibition and significant damage to the resistance mechanisms of resistant bacteria, using very low concentrations to mitigate side effects.
ISSN:1388-0764
1572-896X
DOI:10.1007/s11051-024-06048-6