Two-dimensional quantum droplets in binary quadrupolar condensates

Abstract We study the stability and characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) quasi-isotropic quantum droplets (QDs) of fundamental and vortex types, formed by binary Bose–Einstein condensate with magnetic quadrupole–quadrupole interactions (MQQIs). The magnetic quadrupoles are built as pairs of dipol...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:New journal of physics 2024-05, Vol.26 (5), p.53037
Main Authors: Yang, Aowei, Zhou, Jiahao, Liang, Xiaoqing, Li, Guilong, Liu, Bin, Luo, Huan-Bo, Malomed, Boris A, Li, Yongyao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Approximation
Bose-Einstein condensates
Chemical potential
Dipoles
Droplets
Gross–Pitaevskii equations
Magnetic quadrupole–quadrupole interactions
Quadrupole interaction
Quadrupoles
quantum droplets
Time integration
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Summary:Abstract We study the stability and characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) quasi-isotropic quantum droplets (QDs) of fundamental and vortex types, formed by binary Bose–Einstein condensate with magnetic quadrupole–quadrupole interactions (MQQIs). The magnetic quadrupoles are built as pairs of dipoles and antidipoles polarized along the x -axis. The MQQIs are induced by applying an external magnetic field that varies along the x -axis. The system is modeled by the Gross–Pitaevskii equations including the MQQIs and Lee-Huang-Yang correction to the mean-field approximation. Stable 2D fundamental QDs and quasi-isotropic vortex QDs with topological charges S ⩽ 4 are produced by means of the imaginary-time-integration method for configurations with the quadrupoles polarized parallel to the system’s two-dimensional plane. Effects of the norm and MQQI strength on the QDs are studied in detail. Some results, including an accurate prediction of the effective area, chemical potential, and peak density of QDs, are obtained in an analytical form by means of the Thomas-Fermi approximation. Collisions between moving QDs are studied by means of systematic simulations.
ISSN:1367-2630
1367-2630
DOI:10.1088/1367-2630/ad49c4