Beneficial effects of butyrate on brain functions: A view of epigenetic

Brain functions are influenced by the presence, activity, and metabolism of the gut microbiota through the gut-microbiota-brain (GMB) axis. The consumption of a fiber-rich diet increases the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from bacterial fermentation in the colon. Among SCFAs, butyrate st...

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Published in:Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 2024, Vol.64 (12), p.3961-3970
Main Authors: Alpino, Gabriela de Cássia Ávila, Pereira-Sol, Gabriela Amorim, Dias, Mariana de Moura e, Aguiar, Aline Silva de, Peluzio, Maria do Carmo Gouveia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Brain
Brain - drug effects
Brain - metabolism
brain disorders
Brain-Gut Axis - drug effects
Brain-Gut Axis - physiology
Butyrate
Butyrates - metabolism
Butyrates - pharmacology
Butyric Acid - metabolism
Butyric Acid - pharmacology
Dietary Fiber - pharmacology
Epigenesis, Genetic - drug effects
Epigenetics
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Volatile - metabolism
Fermentation
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects
Gene expression
gut-microbiota-brain axis
high-fiber diet
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors - pharmacology
Histones
Humans
Intestinal microflora
Mental disorders
Metabolism
Microbiota
Microorganisms
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurological diseases
Neuroprotection
Sodium
Sodium butyrate
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Summary:Brain functions are influenced by the presence, activity, and metabolism of the gut microbiota through the gut-microbiota-brain (GMB) axis. The consumption of a fiber-rich diet increases the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from bacterial fermentation in the colon. Among SCFAs, butyrate stands out because of its wide array of biological functions, such as ability to influence brain functions. Pharmacologically, sodium butyrate (NaB) regulates gene expression in the brain, where it has several beneficial effects ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to behavioral disorders through inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACis). In this context, we review the mechanisms of action of the two types of butyrate on brain functions, with an emphasis on the epigenetic approach. Both types of butyrate are potentially interesting for the prevention and adjuvant therapy of neurological and psychological disorders due to their neuroprotective functions. However, further studies are needed to investigate the possible neuroepigenetic effects of butyrate derived from bacterial fermentation.
ISSN:1040-8398
1549-7852
DOI:10.1080/10408398.2022.2137776