Nanoindentation Hardness and Modulus of Al2O3–SiO2–CaO and MnO–SiO2–FeO Inclusions in Iron

Oxide inclusions appear in steel as a subproduct of steelmaking. These are generally detrimental to alloy properties; however, variations exist in the extent to which different inclusions are harmful because their properties vary as a function of their chemical composition. We use nanoindentation to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science Physical metallurgy and materials science, 2024-05, Vol.55 (5), p.1469-1483
Main Authors: Slagter, Alejandra, Setyadji, Jonathan Aristya, Vogt, Eva Luisa, Hernández-Escobar, David, Deillon, Léa, Mortensen, Andreas
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alumina
Aluminosilicates
Aluminum oxide
Aluminum silicates
Calcium aluminate
Calcium oxide
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemical composition
Chemistry and Materials Science
Continuous casting
Hardness
Iron oxides
Manganese oxides
Materials Science
Metal fatigue
Metal oxides
Metallic Materials
Metallurgy
Modulus of elasticity
Nanoindentation
Nanotechnology
Nonmetallic inclusions
Original Research Article
Silicates
Silicon dioxide
Steel alloys
Steel making
Steel production
Steel products
Structural Materials
Surfaces and Interfaces
Thin Films
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Summary:Oxide inclusions appear in steel as a subproduct of steelmaking. These are generally detrimental to alloy properties; however, variations exist in the extent to which different inclusions are harmful because their properties vary as a function of their chemical composition. We use nanoindentation to measure the local elastic modulus and hardness of individual oxide particles, produced by precipitation within liquid iron, that belong to the systems Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –CaO and MnO–SiO 2 –FeO. Measured inclusion hardness values are typically in the range of 8 to 13 GPa and can reach 26 GPa for alumina-rich inclusions. Calcium aluminates rich in alumina are significantly stiffer than iron, with elastic moduli that can reach 350 GPa. On the contrary, calcium aluminates that are expected as a result of successful calcium treatment ( i.e. , with less than about 80 wt pct Al 2 O 3 content) have elastic moduli below that of iron. This is also the case for the wide range of calcium aluminosilicates and of manganese silicates studied here. In addition, silicates containing about 70 to 80 wt pct MnO are observed to have a fine multiphase structure and an elastic modulus of ≈ 180 GPa. Those inclusions thus emerge as possible candidates if one aims to minimise, in loaded steel, stress concentrations associated with matrix-inclusion elastic mismatch.
ISSN:1073-5623
1543-1940
DOI:10.1007/s11661-024-07330-x